Temperature-dependent specific heat of suspended platinum nanofilms at 80-380 K

Metallic nanofilms are important components of nanoscale electronic circuits and nanoscale sensors. The accurate characterization of the thermophysical properties of nanofilms is very important for nanoscience and nanotechnology. Currently, there is very little specific heat data for metallic nanofilms, and the existing measurements indicate distinct differences according to the nanofilm size. The present work reports the specific heats of 40-nm-thick suspended platinum nanofilms at 80-380 K and ~5×10^-4 Pa using the 3ω method. Over 80-380 K, the specific heats of the Pt nanofilms range from 166-304 J/(kg·K), which are 1.65-2.60 times the bulk values, indicating significant size effects. These results are useful for both scientific research in nanoscale thermophysics and evaluating the transient thermal response of nanoscale devices.     

Self-Injection and Acceleration of Monoenergetic Electron Beams from Laser Wakefield Accelerators in a Highly Relativistic Regime

Self-injection and acceleration of monoenergetic electron beams from laser wakefield accelerators are first investigated in the highly relativistic regime, using 100 TW class, 27 fs laser pulses. Quasi-monoenergetic multi- bunched beams with energies as high as multi-hundredMeV are observed with simultaneous measurements of side-scattering emissions that indicate the formation of self-channelfing and self-injection of electrons into a plasma wake, referred to as a ＇bubble＇. The three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations confirmed multiple self-injection of electron bunches into the bubble and their beam acceleration with gradient of 1.5 GeV/cm.     

Reduction of Dislocations in GaN Epilayer Grown on Si （111） Substrates using a GaN Intermedial Layer

GaN intermedial layers grown under different pressures are inserted between GaN epilayers and AIN/Si（111） substrates. In situ optical reflectivity measurements show that a transition from the three-dimensional （3D） mode to the 2I） one occurs during the GaN epilayer growth when a higher growth pressure is used during the preceding GaN intermedial layer growth, and an improvement of the crystalline quality of GaN epilayer will be made. Combining the in situ reflectivity and transmission electron microscopy （TEM） measurements, it is suggested that the lateral growth at the transition of growth mode is favourable for bending of dislocation lines, thus reducing the density of threading dislocations in the epilayer.     

Teleportation of Multi-qudit Entangled States

We propose a method to realize the teleportation of an unknown entangled state that consists of many qudits through a partially entangled-qudit quantum channel with the help of 2 log2 d-bit classical communication. The operations used in the teleportation process include a generalized Bell-state measurement and a series of singlequdit π-measurements performed by Alice, a series of generalized qudit-Pauli gates and two-level unitary gates, as well as a qubit measurement performed by Bob. For a maximally entangled quantum channel, the successful probability of the teleportation becomes unit.     

冷原子系综内单集体激发态的相干操纵

原子系综内部分原子发生相干态转移后所处量子态被称为集体激发态.如果激发数目在单原子量级则被称为单激发态.在量子存储过程中,单光子以单激发态的形式在原子系综内进行存储.因此,研究单激发态的制备、演化、转化、干涉等过程是量子存储及其应用研究的关键.本文总结了近年来作者所在研究团队针对冷原子系综体系在此研究方向取得的若干成果.主要包括采用动量模式调控、三维光晶格等手段抑制单激发态的退相干,采用环形腔增强原子至光子的转化效率,发展基于拉曼光的单激发态相干转移技术,利用单量子态不同模式间干涉制备光与原子纠缠,利用里德伯阻塞机制提升纠缠制备效率等.此外,简要回顾了基于多个单激发态的量子中继及量子网络实验.     

超高压处理对不同果蔬结构和性质的影响

超高压处理用于提高食品的安全性和贮藏性已被广泛用于果蔬制品,但主要限于流态食品,原因是超高压处理可能会影响到固态食品的结构。为了探究超高压处理对不同品种的果蔬结构和性质的影响,选择了5种具有不同的密度、含水量、微观结构和质构特性的果蔬,采用不同的超高压处理条件,分析在不同压力大小和保压时间条件下,果蔬结构和性质的变化情况。结果表明:果蔬的质地会影响其耐压特性,当果蔬质地柔软、空泡结构较少时,耐压性较好;反之,果蔬的体积容易被压缩,由于组织结构的差异,不同果蔬受压时体积变化差异很大;密度大、初始硬度大的果蔬受超高压处理后硬度等质构指标下降幅度更大。保压时间的延长会进一步破坏果蔬的质构和结构。     

新型海水淡化系统的设计

在便携的高效凹面聚光集热装置基础上, 通过综合利用所获得的太阳热辐射能实现海水淡化蒸馏、 温 差发电以及温箱供暖, 从而达到太阳能高效综合利用的目的. 同时, 为海难及岛礁等特殊情况、 特殊环境下的海水淡 化与供暖需求提供一种新途径     

Properties on the distant distribution of entanglement for arbitrary two-qubit pure states via noisy quantum channels

This paper investigates the change of entanglement for transmitting an arbitrarily entangled two-qubit pure state via one of three typical kinds of noisy quantum channels: amplitude damping quantum channel, phase damping quantum channel and depolarizing quantum channel. It finds, in all these three cases, that the output distant entanglement (measured by concurrence) reduces proportionately with respect to its initial amount, and the decaying ratio is determined only by the noisy characteristics of quantum channels and independent of the form of initial input state.     

人工种植黄芩与野生黄芩叶中Se含量及氨基酸含量的比较研究

采用荧光光度法测定了人工种植黄芩和野生黄芩叶中微量元素Se的含量,氨基酸分析仪测定了18种氨基酸的含量,结果表明人工种植黄芩叶与野生黄芩叶中皆含有较高的Se,但其含量没有显著差异(α=0.05)。黄芩叶中富含氨基酸,其中含量较多的是天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、亮氨酸,人工种植黄芩叶氨基酸含量高于野生黄芩叶,说明人工种植黄芩可以替代野生黄芩用于黄芩叶产品的开发。实验结果为揭示黄芩的生物功能以及比较人工种植黄芩和野生黄芩叶中Se及氨基酸的差异提供有用数据,并为开发黄芩叶食用、药用价值提供理论依据。     

外源一氧化氦对镉胁迫下番茄幼苗叶绿体保护作用的光谱学分析

镉(Cd)是重要的重金属污染源,一氧化氮(NO)是近年来发现的一种普遍存在于生物界的信使分子,研究表明其参与了植物对CA胁迫的应答反应调控.文章用硝普纳(SNP)作为NO供体,向番茄幼苗喷洒100 mol·L-1SNP 1 d后加入50 mol·L-1Ca处理7 d,取完全展开叶片,提取叶绿体进行光谱学研究,分别测定了叶绿体室温吸收光谱、叶绿体低温荧光光谱和DCPIP电子传递效率等指标,研究外源NO缓解Cd对叶绿体毒性的影响.结果发现,Ca对叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量都有不同程度的降低,NO处理缓解了Cd的影响,使叶绿体室温吸收光谱的吸收率提高;Ca导致686 nm处峰(PSII)偏移4 nnl,峰值降低33%,734 nm处峰值降低23%,外源NO缓解了Cd对光合系统的影响,使得叶绿体低温荧光光谱在686和734 nm的峰值分别仅下降17%和10%;以DCPIP为人工电子受体,Cd处理的叶绿体中DCPIP还原速率较慢,光合电子传递(H2O→DCPIP)速率降低1.5倍,外源NO处理显著缓解了Cd对电子传递链的抑制,使其光合电子传递速率恢复到对照的水平.该研究可为NO处理增强植物对Cd胁迫的抗性提供理论依据.