Icephobic performance on the aluminum foil-based micro-/nanostructured surface

The research of superhydrophobic materials has attracted many researchers' attention due to its application value and prospects.In order to expand the serviceable range,people have investigated various superhydrophobic materials.The simple and easy preparation method has become the focus for superhydrophobic materials.In this paper,we present a program for preparing a rough surface on an aluminum foil,which possesses excellent hydrophobic properties after the treatment with low surface energy materials at high vacuum.The resulting contact angle is larger than 160° and the droplet cannot freeze on the surface above-10 ℃.Meanwhile,the modified aluminum foil with the thickness of less than 100 μm can be used as an ideal flexible applied material for superhydrophobicity/anti-icing.     

压强和温度对聚苯乙烯自由体积的影响

在30～130℃温度范围内测量了聚苯乙烯(PS)样品中的正电子素湮没寿命,据此计算了样品中自由体积的大小和自由体积分数,发现在不同的温度范围,它们随温度变化的斜率不同,由此确定了PS的玻璃化转变温度为80℃.同时,还研究了不同压强对PS的自由体积的大小、浓度及分布的影响.实验结果发现,压强从6MPa增大到20MPa时自由体积分布变窄.同时,当压强超过100MPa,o-Ps寿命分布由单峰变成双峰.这说明高的外力场作用下,样品中分子链构型发生变化,导致分子链堆积密度增加及局部有序区域的形成.     

热环境中旋转运动功能梯度圆板的强非线性固有振动

研究热环境中旋转运动功能梯度圆板的非线性固有振动问题．针对金属－陶瓷功能梯度圆板,考虑几何非线性、材料物理属性参数随温度变化以及材料组分沿厚度方向按幂律分布的情况,应用哈密顿原理推得热环境中旋转运动功能梯度圆板的非线性振动微分方程．考虑周边夹支边界条件,利用伽辽金法得到了横向非线性固有振动方程,并确定了静载荷引起的静挠度．用改进的多尺度法求解强非线性方程,得出非线性固有频率表达式．通过算例,分析了旋转运动功能梯度圆板固有频率随转速、温度等参量的变化情况．结果表明,非线性固有频率随金属含量的增加而降低;随转速和圆板厚度的增大而升高;随功能梯度圆板表面温度的升高而降低．     

原子发射光谱分析技术在大气等离子体抛光工艺研究中的应用

大气等离子体抛光是一种非接触式的超精密加工方法,它基于低温等离子体化学反应实现原子级的材料去处,避免了表层和亚表层损伤,特别适合于各种难加工材料的超光滑抛光。该方法首次引入了基于电容耦合原理的射频炬式等离子体源,为测试等离子体特性和进行工艺研究,在加工过程中使用微型光纤光谱仪进行光谱监测和采集,进而运用原子发射光谱分析技术初步讨论了射频功率和气体配比对加工过程的影响,分析结果显示：在一定范围内,射频功率对加工速率有着较明显的促进作用,而气体配比对等离子体区成分和表面生成元素的种类影响较大。电子跃迁轨道分析还揭示了处于不同激发态的活性氟原子对应的不同微观状态,为进一步的微观机理研究奠定了理论基础。基于工艺分析的结果,在单晶硅片上实现了Ra0.6 nm的表面粗糙度和32 mm3·min-1的加工速率。     

Spin polarization and dispersion effects in emergence of roaming transition state for nitrobenzene isomerization

Since roaming was found as a new but common reaction path of isomerization, many of its properties, especially those of roaming transition state(TS_R), have been studied on many systems. However, the mechanism of roaming is still not clear at an atomic level. In this work, we use first-principles calculations to illustrate the detailed structure of TS_R in an internal isomerization process of nitrobenzene. The calculations distinctively show its nature of antiferromagnetic coupling between two roaming fragments. Moreover, the effect of dispersion is also revealed as an important issue for the stability of the TS_R. Our work provides a new insight into the TS_R from the view of electronic structure and contributes to the basic understanding of the roaming systems.     

系泊海洋平台周期运动倍周期分岔的胞映射分析

应用胞映射方法研究了系泊海洋生产平台的周期运动及其倍周期分岔。系泊运动的数学模型是一个具有指数回复力特性的非线性强迫振子 ,以波浪作用力为外激励。将波浪激励周期作为分岔控制参数 ,研究了周期系泊运动的倍周期分岔。胞映射方法用于寻找系统的稳定吸引子并确定其吸引域。时间历程、相图、功率谱和Poincar啨映射用于确定吸引子的具体类型芯糠⑾?,分岔参数处于不同的区域时 ,系统存在着相异的倍周期分岔特性。观察到了倍周期分岔的产生和突然消失 ,也找到了一个趋于吸引子的倍周期分岔序列。根据吸引域的胞映射分析结果解释了上述不同的倍周期分岔特征。发现其原因在于倍周期序列中的每个吸引子是否具有全局吸引性。     

Asymptotic analysis on weakly forced vibration of axially moving viscoelastic beam constituted by standard linear solid model

The weakly forced vibration of an axially moving viscoelastic beam is investigated.The viscoelastic material of the beam is constituted by the standard linear solid model with the material time derivative involved.The nonlinear equations governing the transverse vibration are derived from the dynamical,constitutive,and geometrical relations.The method of multiple scales is used to determine the steady-state response.The modulation equation is derived from the solvability condition of eliminating secular terms.Closed-form expressions of the amplitude and existence condition of nontrivial steady-state response are derived from the modulation equation.The stability of nontrivial steady-state response is examined via the Routh-Hurwitz criterion.     

785nmLD激发下Tm3+/Ho3+:Y2O3纳米晶的上转换发光

以甘氨酸为燃烧剂,采用低温燃烧法制备了Tm3+,Ho3+共掺杂的Y2O3纳米晶粉末,通过X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对样品的结构、形貌和粒径进行了分析和表征.本文以785nm LD为激发光,研究了样品的上转换发光性质,实验结果得到了峰值波长为487nm(蓝色),548nm(绿色),659nm和695nm(红色)上转换发光.经过分析表明,上述发光分别指5F3→5I8(Ho3+)+1 G4→3 H6(Tm3+),(5F4,5S2)→5I8(Ho3+),5F5→5I8(Ho3+)和3F3→3 H6(Tm3+)跃迁.通过对上转换发光强度和激发光功率的关系研究,揭示出其均为双光子过程,并且能量传递上转换和激发态吸收是上转换发光的主要机制.由于其高效的上转换发光性能,该材料在荧光标记、三维立体显示等方面有着潜在的应用前景.     

用正电子湮没研究聚醚聚氨酯的自由体积特性

用正电子湮没研究聚醚聚氨酯的自由体积特性王波，彭治林，李世清，王少阶，刘皓，谢洪泉（武汉大学物理学系，武汉，４３００７２）（华中理工大学化学系）关键词正电子湮没，自由体积，高分子固体电解质中国法分类号Ｏ６．６３高分子固体电解质的电导率，载流子的扩散及...     

导电聚合物聚醚聚氨酯的结构与导电性能的正电子湮没研究

用正电子湮设方法研究了高分子固体电解质聚醚聚氨酯（ＰＥＵ）在与ＬｉＣlＯ₄络合前后的结构变化及导电性能．实验结果表明，当ＰＥＵ与ＬｉＣlＯ₄络合后，正电子素（o－Ｐｓ）的寿命及其强度均减少，而中间寿命分量的湮没参数基本不变．这表明Ｌｉ杂质主要扩散在无序的非晶区．掺杂前后样品的温度实验表明，在玻璃化转变温度Ｔ_g之下，络合前后的自由体积分数的变化很小，这与自由体积理论预言的结果一致．在Ｔ_g之上，络合后的自由体积空洞的浓度和自由体积分数均减小．此外，ＰＥＵ－ＬｉＣlＯ₄络合物的电导率随温度和Ｌｉ杂质浓度的变化可以用自由体积理论解释． 关键词：