中空多壳层CoFe2O4的制备及锂离子电池性能研究

以二元金属氧化物CoFe₂O₄为研究对象,通过次序模板法制备了CoFe₂O₄中空多壳层结构(HoMS)材料;对其形貌、结构进行了表征;考察了壳层结构与电化学性能之间的关系.电化学测试结果表明,双壳层-核CoFe₂O₄中空球具有最高的放电比容量(1354.4 mA·h/g)、优异的倍率性能和循环稳定性,其独特的结构优势和最优的空腔体积占有率使其在多次循环过程中能始终保持结构和电化学性质的稳定.     

Self-assembled Nanohybrid from Opposite Charged Sheets: Alternate Stacking of CoAl LDH and MoS_2

Hybrid materials are attracting intensive attention for their applications in electronics, photoelectronics, LEDs, field-effect transistors, etc. Engineering new hybrid materials and further exploiting their new functions will be significant for future science and technique development. In this work, alternatively stacked self-assembled CoAl LDH/MoS_2 nanohybrid has been successfully synthesized by an exfoliation-flocculation method from positively charged CoAl LDH nanosheets(CoAl-NS) with negatively charged MoS_2 nanosheets(MoS_2-NS). The CoAl LDH/MoS_2 hybrid material exhibits an enhanced catalytic performance for oxygen evolution reaction(OER) compared with original constituents of CoAl LDH nanosheets and MoS_2 nanosheets. The enhanced OER catalytic performance of CoAl LDH/MoS_2 is demonstrated to be due to the improved electron transfer, more exposed catalytic active sites, and accelerated oxygen evolution reaction kinetics.     

Effect of Post-Annealing on Structural and Electrical Properties of ZnO:In Films

Indium-doped ZnO(ZnO:In) films are deposited on quartz substrates by rf magnetron sputtering. The effects of post-annealing on structural, electrical, optical and Raman properties are investigated by x-ray diffraction,Raman scattering, Hall measurement and first-principles calculation. The results indicate that all of the ZnO:In films have excellent crystallinity with a preferred ZnO(002) orientation. It is found that the incorporation of In can dramatically increase the intensity of the 274 cm~(-1) Raman mode. However, both post-annealing treatment and increasing O_2 partial pressure in the process of preparing thin films can reduce the intensity of the 274 cm~(-1) mode or even eliminate it, and relax compressive stress of the ZnO:In film judged by analyzing the shifts of the(002) Bragg peaks and E_2(high) mode. Finally, the origin of the 274 cm~(-1) mode is inferred to be the vibration of Zn interstitial(Zni) defects, which play a crucial role in the high electron concentration and low resistivity of ZnO:In films annealed in an appropriate temperature range(450–600℃).     

Characteristics analysis of acupuncture electroencephalograph based on mutual information Lempelben-Ziv complexity

As a convenient approach to the characterization of cerebral cortex electrical information, electroencephalograph (EEG) has potential clinical application in monitoring the acupuncture effects. In this paper, a method composed of the mutual information method and Lempel-Ziv complexity method (MILZC) is proposed to investigate the effects of acupuncture on the complexity of information exchanges between different brain regions based on EEGs. In the experiments, eight subjects are manually acupunctured at ‘Zusanli’acupuncture point (ST-36) with different frequencies (i.e., 50, 100, 150, and 200 times/min) and the EEGs are recorded simultaneously. First, MILZC values are compared in general. Then average brain connections are used to quantify the effectiveness of acupuncture under the above four frequencies. Finally, significance index P values are used to study the spatiality of the acupuncture effect on the brain. Three main findings are obtained: (ⅰ) MILZC values increase during the acupuncture; (ⅱ) manual acupunctures (MAs) with 100 times/min and 150 times/min are more effective than with 50 times/min and 200 times/min; (ⅲ) contralateral hemisphere activation is more prominent than ipsilateral hemisphere's. All these findings suggest that acupuncture contributes to the increase of brain information exchange complexity and the MILZC method can successfully describe these changes.     

BaTiO_3/SrTiO_3(1∶1)有序超晶格的第一性原理研究

用第一性原理计算研究沿[110]和[111]方向有序的Ba Ti O3/Sr Ti O3(BTO/STO)1∶1超晶格的晶格动力学、介电和压电性能.对两种有序BTO/STO超晶格从最高对称性的结构出发计算布里渊区中心声子,通过冻结不稳定声子得到畸变结构,进一步冻结不稳定声子得到基态结构.两种有序BTO/STO超晶格的基态结构分别是Pm和R3m结构.把声子介电张量和内应变压电张量分解成单个离子和单个声子的贡献.根据离子对介电和压电张量各分量的贡献可知Ti和O离子对介电和压电有比较大的贡献.声子对介电和压电张量的贡献的分析果表明频率较低的声子有主要的贡献.特别是沿[110]方向有序BTO/STO超晶格中ε11主要来自于频率为49 cm-1的软模A'声子的贡献.     

电磁复合场制备匀质Zn-Bi偏晶合金的物理模拟

本文通过物理模拟的方法研究了强磁场复合交变电流作用对过偏晶合金凝固组织的影响机理,考察了电磁复合场下第二相初生液滴直径的演变规律,以及洛伦兹力作用下已分层少数相被"打碎"进入基体相的过程.结果表明:电磁体积力的增加,有利于液滴初始直径的减小;而交变电流频率的影响存在最佳值,偏离该值对初生液滴直径的抑制效果下降,这与实际试验规律一致;在电磁复合场作用下,已经分层的两液相可以重新实现均匀混合.这些效应有效缓解了偏晶合金凝固前第二相由于各种因素导致的偏聚,模拟结果直观地揭示了电磁复合场制备匀质偏晶合金的主要机理 关键词： 电磁复合场 偏晶合金 物理模拟     

基于广义线性模型的针刺足三里脊髓背根神经活动解码

神经系统以时空编码形式刻画外部刺激信息, 针刺作为对穴位的机械作用可以等效为对神经系统的一种外部刺激. 为了揭示神经系统如何表达和传递针刺作用, 本文设计了不同频率的针刺动物实验, 即在针刺大鼠足三里穴位时获取脊髓背根神经节电信号. 首先, 经过数据预处理获得单神经元动作电位序列并转化为点过程序列. 其次, 应用广义线性模型(GLM)编码针刺作用, 产生模拟的神经放电序列. 另外, 在模型基础上应用贝叶斯解码, 根据神经放电序列重构针刺随时间变化的位移波形. 最后, 基于时间重标度理论应用分位数分位数(Q-Q)图方法检验编码模型与点过程数据的一致性. 结果表明, GLM能够模拟针刺神经编码, 并正确解码针刺信息. 本文为针刺研究提供了新的视角, 对于构建神经系统与机器接口以改善针刺的临床研究具有潜在意义. 关键词： 针刺 点过程 广义线性模型 神经解码     

AHP中不一致判断矩阵调整方法的改进

针对AHP中不一致性判断矩阵,提出了一种新的调整方法.通过分析诱导矩阵与判断矩阵之间的关系,用元素的几何平均值对矩阵中偏差最大的元素逐个修正,直到判断矩阵达到满意的一致性.该算法利用原始判断信息修正单个元素,提高了判断矩阵修正速度,简洁、实用.     

受外来植物入侵的土壤微生物生态学研究进展

外来植物入侵已成为全球性问题,给人类社会、经济和环境带来巨大挑战,因而对外来植物成功入侵机制的研究引起了国内外学者的广泛关注.目前,外来植物成功入侵机制的理论框架主要包括2个方面：外来植物的入侵能力与生态系统的可入侵性.基于上述理论框架,生态学家提出了多个用于解释外来植物成功入侵的机制假说,包括天敌逃避假说、资源可获得性假说等,但这些假说主要针对的是地上植物与草食性动物.近年来的研究证明,外来入侵植物与入侵地土壤微生物以及与自身内生菌之间的相互作用也是其成功入侵的重要机理之一.从菌根共生、固氮菌共生、病原微生物逃避、土壤微生物群落总体结构与功能以及内生菌等方面对国内外关于外来植物入侵的微生物学机制研究进行了总结,并在此基础上探讨了研究中存在的问题及未来的研究方向,以期为外来植物入侵的预防、控制与生境恢复提供依据.     

Microstructure and photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles with an average diameter of about 10 nm are fabricated using a sintering method. The degradation of methyl orange indicates that the photocatalytic efficiency is greatly enhanced, which is measured to be 62.81%. Transmission electron microscopy is used to investigate the microstructure of TiO 2 nanoparticles in order to correlate their photocatalytic properties. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy examinations show that all the nanoparticles belong to the anatase phase, and pure edge dislocations exist in some nanoparticles. The great enhancement of photocatalytic efficiency is attributed to two factors, the quantum size effect and the surface defects in the nanoparticles.