让探究来得自然些——源于一次教材习题的教学反思

《普通高中数学课程标准》倡导"积极主动、勇于探索的学习方式".[1]于是,是否进行探究成为衡量教学是否落实新课标理念的重要标志.应当说,这是一种积极的现象.经过一段时间的教学实践,发现尽管有越来越多的教师在数学探究教学的设计和实施中表现了许多的热情和创意,但是就目前的现状而言,在数学探究教学的实践中     

Enhancement of green emission by the codoping U . 3＋ A＋ （A - Li, Na, K） in Ca2 O3CI.Tb phosphor

Tb3＋-doped Ca2BO3C1 compounds with different charge compensation approaches are synthesized by a hightemperature solid-state reaction method, and the luminescent properties and Commission Internationale de l＇Eclairage （CIE） chromaticity coordinates are systematically characterized. Ca2BO3Cl：Tb3＋ can produce green emission under 376 nm radiation excitation. With codoped A＋ （A = Li, Na, K） as charge compensators, the relative emission intensities of Ca2BO3Cl：Tb3＋ are enhanced by about 1.61, 1.97, and 1.81 times compared with those of the direct charge balance, which is considered to be due to the effect of the difference in ion radius on the crystal field. The CIE chromaticity coordinates of Ca2BO3CI：Tb3＋, A＋ （A = Li, Na, K） are （0.335, 0.584）, （0.335, 0.585）, and （0.335, 0.585）, corresponding to the hues of green. Therefore, A＋ （A = Li, Na, K） may be the optimal charge compensator for Ca2BO3Cl：Tb3＋.     

铜离子标记免疫法测定甲胎蛋白

本文报道了用铜离子标记一催化放大一免疫分析法测定甲胎蛋白(AFP)。该方法用铜离子代替天然酶标记甲胎蛋白,与其抗体发生异相竞争免疫反应后,采用酸化法释放出标记物中铜离子,利用铜离子对过硫酸铵一邻甲氧基酚一硼酸缓冲液显色体系的催化作用,以催化光度法检测铜,并由此间接测定甲胎蛋白的含量。新建方法可检测10～1000ng／mL的甲胎蛋白,操作方便,成本低。该法用于血清样品AFP测定,相对标准偏差小于5．1％,样品加标回收率为87．0％～96．7％,结果满意。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定不同产地大蒜中11种金属元素的含量

为进一步利用和开发大蒜资源,采用V（硝酸）＋V（高氯酸）=4＋1常压微沸条件下消化,用火焰原子吸收法测定不同产地大蒜中的金属元素Na、Ca、Mg、Mn、Cu、K、Zn、Fe、Cr、Cd和Pb的含量。研究了不同元素的仪器最佳工作条件,并做了准确度和精密度的考察。结果表明,大蒜中Na、Ca、Mg、Mn、Cu、K、Zn、Fe、Cr、Cd和Ph的含量分别为236．49、1598．21、612.44, 6.27, 15.48, 12 172.41, 126.88, 64.46, 1.67, 1.75, 2.02; 172.84, 1 243.38, 610.05, 5.32, 13.60, 11689.65, 120. 07, 78.91, 1.75, 2. 04, 1.97; 136. 90, 1467.93, 574. 16, 6. 27,16.90, 12 263.45, 146.34, 116.20, 1.82, 2.17, 2.25 μg·g^-1。加标回收率为96．60％～105．80％,相对标准偏差（n=9）为：0．24％～4．81％,测定方法简单易行,方便快捷。     

Performance improvement of MEH-PPV:PCBM solar cells using bathocuproine and bathophenanthroline as the buffer layers

In this work, bathocuproine (BCP) and bathophenanthroline (Bphen), commonly used in small-molecule organic solar cells (OSCs), are adopted as the buffer layers to improve the performance of the polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV): [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) bulk heterojunction. By inserting BCP or Bphen between the active layer and the top cathode, all the performance parameters are dramatically improved. The power conversion efficiency is increased by about 70% and 120% with 5-nm BCP and 12-nm Bphen layers, respectively, when compared with that of the devices without any buffer layer. The performance enhancement is attributed to BCP or Bphen (i) increasing the optical field, and hence the absorption in the active layer, (ii) effectively blocking the excitons generated in MEH-PPV from quenching at organic/aluminum (Al) interface due to the large band-gap of BCP or Bphen, which results in a significant reduction in series resistance (Rs), and (iii) preventing damage to the active layer during the metal deposition. Compared with the traditional device using LiF as the buffer layer, the BCP-based devices show a comparable efficiency, while the Bphen-based devices show a much larger efficiency. This is due to the higher electron mobility in Bphen than that in BCP, which facilitates the electron transport and extraction through the buffer layer to the cathode.     

某调距导管桨系泊工况水力性能和流激直发声预报

采用经验证的计算流体力学方法,对某艏辅推调距导管桨设计螺距和系泊工况螺距的水动力性能进行了有效预报,并对系泊工况装船桨流激噪声进行了分析。系泊工况下,由于导管桨的抽吸作用在导管外壁近壁面区域存在与导管内部流动方向相反的逆向流动,且导管桨尾流场速度梯度分布不均匀、流动紊乱,此时桨叶与导管的推力之比约为1.2∶1。系泊工况船+桨的瞬态流场脉动信息表明,导管桨各部件噪声源强度均表现出从1倍到4倍叶频依次下降的规律,最强幅值集中在桨叶导边和导管内壁;在远场声源级频谱曲线中轴向测点线谱较高峰值位置体现出导管桨进流流场的流动特性。对比分析该艏辅推整体和各部件宽带声源级指向性,可知旋转部件(桨叶、桨榖)对总噪声级的贡献较大,静止部件是径向测点噪声的主要贡献源。     

Improved performance of P3HT：PCBM solar cells by both anode modification and short-wavelength energy utilization using Tb（aca）3phen

The performance of P3HT:PCBM solar cells was improved by anode modification using spin-coated Tb(aca)3phen ultrathin films. The modification of the Tb(aca)3phen ultrathin film between the indium tin oxide(ITO) anode and the PEDOT:PSS layer resulted in a maximum power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 2.99% compared to 2.66% for the reference device, which was due to the increase in the short-circuit current density(Jsc). The PCE improvement could be attributed to the short-wavelength energy utilization and the optimized morphology of the active layers. Tb(aca)3phen with its strong down-conversion luminescence properties is suitable for the P3HT:PCBM blend active layer, and the absorption region of the ternary blend films is extended into the near ultraviolet region. Furthermore, the crystallization and the surface morphology of P3HT:PCBM films were improved with the Tb(aca)3phen ultrathin film. The ultraviolent–visible absorption spectra,atomic force microscope(AFM), and X-ray diffraction(XRD) of the films were investigated. Both anode modification and short-wavelength energy utilization using Tb(aca)3phen in P3HT:PCBM solar cells led to about a 12% PCE increase.     

喷水推进器推力的CFD计算方法研究

简要介绍获取喷水推进器推力的理论、试验及数值计算(CFD)方法,重点研究采用动量流量法和壁面积分法计算喷水推进器推力的CFD方法。采用多块网格技术,用六面体结构化网格和四面体非结构化网格相结合的混合网格离散计算区域,采用稳态多参考系方法求解RANS方程,对喷水推进器进水流道、叶轮、导叶体和喷口所组成的整个流场进行数值计算。计算中采用了k-ε湍流模型和标准壁面函数,对用动量流量法计算推力方法中所需的假想流管分界面和进口面的求取做了分析,将两种方法计算的推力与厂商提供的推力特性曲线进行了对比。结果表明,采用CFD计算和分析方法来研究喷水推进系统推力性能是可行、可信的。     

ZnS∶TbF_3薄膜电致发光器件性能的研究

用射频磁控溅射和扫描电子束蒸发方法研究制备了ZnS∶TbF3薄膜的交流电致发光器件。研究了制备ZnS∶TbF3薄膜电致发光器件的几种因素对电致发光器件性能的影响 ,诸如 ,磁控溅射过程中衬底温度 ,发光层厚度 ,退火等。     

结晶紫选择电极的制备及催化电位法测定碘的研究

根据磷酸介质中碘离子催化高碘酸钠氧化结晶紫的氧化还原反应,应用自制的结晶紫选择电极跟踪紫的 度变化,对催化电位法测定碘进行了研究。测定碘离子 的线性范围为０．２０－５．５μｇ／２５ｍＬ,方法检出限为４．１＊１０＾－９ｇ／ｍＬ。该方法应用于测定食盐和饮用水中碘含量,ＲＳＤ〈４．１％,平均回收率为９５．１％。