Propagation of Partially Coherent Twisted Anisotropic Gaussian—Schell Model Beams in the Spatial—Frequency Domain

The generalized Collins formula for partially coherent beams through axially non-symmetrical optical systems in the spatial-frequency domain is derived by means of the tensor method.Based on this formula,the tensor ABCD law in the spatial-frequency domain for partially coherent twisted anisotropic Gaussian-Schell model (GSM) beams is derived,which governs the transformation of the twisted anisotropic GSM beams in the spatialfrequency domain.An example of an application is provided.     

Impact of microsecond-pulsed plasma-activated water on papaya seed germination and seedling growth

The seed of Carica papaya consists of a hard shell-like testa with inhibitors in vivo causing slow, erratic and asynchronous germination. In this work, plasma-activated water prepared by microsecond-pulsed plasma jets (μPAW) was applied to treat papaya seeds. The μPAW after plasma activation of 30 min was about 40 ℃. The reactive species such as NO₂, NO₃, and H₂O₂ in the μPAW activated from deionized water were measured and correlated to the seed germination rate and the seedling growth performance. The μPAW-treated papaya seed achieved a higher germination rate of 90%, which is 26% higher than the control group using deionized water. Comparing the results with a hot water (40 ℃) reference group showed that the reactive species in μPAW played primary roles in germination improvement, with little effect caused by the heat shock. The μPAW also sterilized the treated seeds, reducing the germination stress. The morphological change in the seeds was observed by SEM, showing an effect of physical etching after treatment promoting seed imbibition. The biochemical mechanism of the seed germination was deduced with reference to the evolution of surface chemistry, functional groups, and ABA content. The accelerated seed metabolism observed was corresponded to the chemical modification pathway. Besides, early seedlings developed from treated seeds were observed to be healthy, grow more leaves, and have better root structures. The content of MDA in the treated papaya seedlings decreased along with increased SOD and higher ion concentration. The μPAW that can be prepared at atmospheric pressure for bulk production offers a low-risk and cost-effective seed priming technology that may significantly increase the production of agricultural crops.     

铁路混凝土箱梁的振动与噪声频谱特性研究

为了研究混凝土箱梁的振动与噪声频谱特性,以成灌铁路跨度为32m的单线混凝土简支箱梁为研究对象,开展了现场试验研究、理论分析、有限元模拟。研究结果表明:箱梁顶、底板的弯曲振动是结构噪声产生的根源,其局部振动特性可由板壳或实体有限元分析得到;该箱梁的结构噪声在1/3倍频程、中心频率为63Hz处出现最大值,且具有明显的"有调性";车速在144~160km/h范围内变化时,箱梁总体噪声级变化较小,标准差在1dB以内;基于底板振动加速度近似推测结构噪声的方法具有可行性,预测值与实测值的偏差在5%以内;该箱梁在60~70Hz范围出现共振,并且该频率范围内声辐射效率接近最大值,二者共同导致了峰值噪声的产生。受板厚和材料的限制,声辐射效率的峰值频率变化较小,因此改变共振频率对降噪分析具有重要意义。     

基于FastICA的高光谱图像目标分割

针对高光谱图像目标识别与分类的应用背景,提出了一种基于快速独立成分分析的高光谱图像目标分割算法.通过引入虚拟维数对图像中的目标端元数量进行估计,利用基于非监督正交子空间投影的异常端元提取算法自动获取目标端元光谱,并将其作为快速独立成分分析的初始混合矩阵.采用最小噪声分量变换对原始数据进行降维,利用快速独立成分分析从降维后的主成分中依次提取出图像中的独立分量.最后,对各独立分量进行恒虚警率检测与形态学滤波,从而得到最终的目标分割结果.对AVIRIS型高光谱图像的实验结果表明,该方法可有效探测出图像中的目标,并可获得较好的分割结果.     

Structural, electrical, and optical properties of ZnInO alloy thin films

Indium zinc oxide (IZO) thin films with different percentages of In content (In/[In+Zn]) are synthesized on glass substrates by magnetron sputtering, and the structural, electrical and optical properties of IZO thin films deposited at different In₂O₃ target powers are investigated. IZO thin films grown at different In₂O₃ target sputtering powers show evident morphological variation and different grain sizes. As the In₂O₃ sputtering power rises, the grain size becomes larger and electrical mobility increases. The film grown with an In₂O₃ target power of 100 W displays the highest electrical mobility of 13.5 cm·V^-1·s^-1 and the lowest resistivity of 2.4 × 10^-3 Ω·cm. The average optical transmittance of the IZO thin film in the visible region reaches 80% and the band gap broadens with the increase of In₂O₃ target power, which is attributed to the increase in carrier concentration and is in accordance with Burstein-Moss shift theory.     

磺化聚芳醚砜/磺化聚酰亚胺复合质子交换膜的制备与性能研究

利用溶液浇铸法制备了一系列双磺化型磺化聚芳醚砜/磺化聚酰亚胺(SPAES/SPI)复合质子交换膜.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)结果显示复合膜不存在明显的相分离,表明二者具有很好的相容性.由于SPI的引入,复合膜在甲醇中稳定性较纯SPAES具有大幅的提高,比Nafion112低得多的甲醇吸收率表明了这些复合膜具有比后者更低的甲醇透过率.复合膜显示了与单组分膜相类似的高温分解稳定性,磺酸基团的分解温度达到了290℃以上.复合膜显示出远高于纯SPAES膜的尺寸稳定性能,在130℃高温中200h处理后,所有的复合膜均保持了高的机械性能,而此时纯SPAES膜已经溶解于水中.而且由于两种磺化聚合物间的复合,复合膜维持了较高的IEC水平,显示了较高的质子导电率,在80%相对湿度时的质子导电率与Nafion112相近,而在水中的质子导电率均高于Nafion112.     

聚硫醚纤维素吸附阳离子染料的动力学与热力学

脱脂棉在碱存在下与环硫氯丙烷发生醚化反应,合成了一种环境功能材料--聚硫醚纤维素（PTCC）。 考察了溶液酸度对吸附容量的影响并研究了PTCC对3种阳离子染料的吸附动力学与热力学。 研究结果表明,中性介质较有利于吸附的进行;298 K、pH=7.0时,静态吸附2 h后,吸附趋于平衡,PTCC对碱性艳蓝B、碱性艳蓝R和夜蓝的饱和吸附量分别为726、652和320 mg/g;PTCC对阳离子染料的吸附过程符合Lagergren二级吸附动力学方程,吸附速率常数k2随着温度的降低而升高,低温有利于吸附反应的进行;吸附过程ΔG、ΔH和ΔS均为负值,表明该吸附是自发的放热过程,主要是通过范德华力实现的。 吸附过程的吸附等温模型符合Langmuir等温式,可以用单分子层吸附理论加以解释。     

在七年級电動机的学習

按照本学年教学大綱的規定,只有在七年级研究了通电導体在磁場中运動的現象以後,才研究直流电動机的作用原理。考慮到直流电動机具有很大的实际意义,所以应該特別注意研究它的搆造和作用。在七年級研究电動机的構造和作用有可能向学生明顯地指出电能轉变成机械能的过程,阐明电動机的优點並通过一系列的具体例子來说明它的普遍应用。电動机可以分为兩堂课來研究。如果学校里有相当數量的全套的电磁学设备或者“MyM”型电動机的设备,那末,最好还要用一課來組     

高二代数課本中的一个极限等式

在高中代数第二册讲到无穷递縮等比数列各項和的时候,需要証明下面的一个极限等式:(?),其中 |q|<1。但是在課本的注脚里提到,由于“証明很繁,这里省略不讲”,然而在教学中,往往由于同学們的求知欲望,常常追間,現在我把自己在这次教課中所采用的一个証法写出来,請大家批評指教:     

电流的热效应

电流通过导体时所生之热量Q与电流强度I,异体的电阻R和通电时間t之間的关系,用焦耳——楞次定律来表示即: Q=0.24I~2Rt (1) 从(1)式可知在电流强度I相同(如串联的两根电阻线)的情况下,导体生之热与本身的电阻成正比。设R_1与R_2表示两根电阻不同的导线的电阻,当它們串联(图1)时在相同时間內生之热量分別为: