Characteristics of Plasma Shock Waves Generated in the Pulsed Laser Ablation Process

We modify the Sedov theory to describe plasma shock waves generated in a pulsed laser ablating process,We also study the propagation characteristics of plasma shock during the preparation process of functional thin films deposited by a pulsed laser,In particular,we discuss in detail the temporal behaviour of energy causing the difference of the propagation characteristics between the plasma shock wave and the ideal shock wave in the point explosion model.Under the same experimental conditions,the theoretical results calculated with our modified Sedov theory are in good agreement with the existing experimental data.     

脉冲激光沉积动力学研究进展

脉冲激光沉积技术是现代常用的先进薄膜材料制备技术之一.文章在简要介绍脉冲激光沉积技术及其进展的基础上,较全面地介绍了脉冲激光沉积动力学的基本物理图像和动力学构架,深入地探讨了激光烧蚀靶材过程、等离子体膨胀过程和薄膜沉积过程的动力学规律,阐述了我国学者在脉冲激光沉积动力学研究方面的贡献,例如包括脉冲激光沉积三个工艺过程自洽的统一模型,等离子体膨胀的冲击波模型,基于局域能量动量守恒定律的新等离子体演化动力学模型,包括热源项、蒸发项、等离子体屏蔽效应和动态物性参数的烧蚀热传导模型,考虑电子碰撞效应和能带结构变化的修正双温模型,能统一描写从纳秒级到飞秒级脉冲激光烧蚀规律的统一双温模型等.     

Effects of Fractal Size Distributions on Velocity Distributions and Correlations of a Polydisperse Granular Gas

By the Monte Carlo method, the effect of dispersion of disc size distribution on the velocity distributions and correlations of a polydisperse granular gas with fractal size distribution is investigated in the same inelasticity. The dispersion can be described by a fractal dimension D, and the smooth hard discs are engaged in a two- dimensional horizontal rectangular box, colliding inelastically with each other and driven by a homogeneous heat bath. In the steady state, the tails of the velocity distribution functions rise more significantly above a Gaussian as D increases, but the non-Gaussian velocity distribution functions do not demonstrate any apparent universal form for any value of D. The spatial velocity correlations are apparently stronger with the increase of D. The perpendicular correlations are about half the parallel correlations, and the two correlations are a power-law decay function of dimensionless distance and are of a long range. Moreover, the parallel velocity correlations of postcollisional state at contact are more than twice as large as the precollisional correlations, and both of them show almost linear behaviour of the fractal dimension D.     

Effect of Pulse Width and Fluence of Femtosecond Laser on Electron--Phonon Relaxation Time

The electron phonon relaxation time as functions of pulse width and fluence of femtosecond laser is studied based on the two-temperature model. The two-temperature model is solved using a finite difference method for copper target. The temperature distribution of the electron and the lattice along with space and time for a certain laser fluence is presented. The time-dependence of lattice and electron temperature of the surface for different pulse width and different laser fluence are also performed, respectively. Moreover, the variation of heat-affected zone per pulse with laser Auence is obtained. The satisfactory agreement between our numerical results and experimental data indicates that the electron-phonon relaxation time is reasonably accurate with the influences of pulse width and Auence of femtosecond laser.     

镓填充二氧化硅纳米管的电子束诱导的反常膨胀

研究了镓填充二氧化硅纳米管的电子束诱导的膨胀现象, 确认微球系统中镓液体在电子束辐照下存在反常膨胀现象. 首先分析了相关的实验过程和现象, 指出此膨胀过程可以视为准静态过程; 然后根据傅里叶热传导定律, 在准静态热力学的框架下定量讨论了该系统在电子束辐 照下微球中镓液体相对体积随温度变化规律, 进一步确定系统的相对膨胀率和系统的膨胀系数, 发现反常膨胀系数是正常热膨胀系数的5-9倍. 最后指出这种反常膨胀是由系统的电离效应和残存效应共同引起的, 两者造成系统的粒子数密度急剧增加, 从而导致系统的内部压强急剧增加, 产生体积反常膨胀.     

PZT四方相区介电常数εr与晶格畸变关系的研究

从Haun的PZT热力学理论出发，给出了PZT四方相区介电常数ε_r与晶格畸变c/a关 系的基本方程，并深入地根据相关实验资料和物理图像的合理推论，建立了关于晶格畸变c/ a与介电常数ε_r相互依赖的基本关系式.然后，根据该基本关系式仔细地研究了PZT四 方相区晶格畸变c/a对介电常数ε_r影响的物理图像.与相关实验资料比较表明，基本 关系式得到的介电常数ε_r随晶格畸变c/a的变化规律,与相关实验结果相比较，两者 吻合得 关键词： 晶格畸变 r')" href="#">介电常数ε_r 四方相 PZT     

Mechanisms of Avalanche Dynamics in a Stochastic Four-State Sandpile Model

We study the stochastic four-state sandpile model on the square lattice. The static and dynamical properties of the model are investigated and compared with the deterministic sandpile model of Bak, Tang, and Wiesenfeld [Phys. Rev. Lett. 59 (1987) 381]. The numerical results show that the stochastic model defines a new universality class with respect to the deterministic sandpile. We also find that the waves in an avalanche are uncorrelated in the stochastic model (in the BTW model, the waves in an avalanche are correlated). The physical origin of the critical behaviour of the stochastic model being different from that of the BTW model is ascribed to the ordering and deterministic property of the toppling law in the BTW model.     

Dy2（Fe1—xSix）17系列化合物内禀磁性及穆斯堡尔效应研究

详细研究了Ｄ２（Ｆ１ｘ－Ｓｉｘ）１７系列化合物的晶格结构和内禀磁性。Ｘ射线衍射分析表明，Ｄｙ２（Ｆｅ１－ｘＳｉｘ）１７系列化合物呈现Ｔｈ２Ｎｉ１７结构牙或Ｔｈ２Ｚｎ１７结构相，居里温度ＴＣ随Ｘ的增大而增大，饱和磁化强度σｓ随ｘ的增加而减小。     

Criticality of Epidemic Spreading in Mobile Individuals Mediated by Environment

We investigate the critical behaviour of an epidemical model in a diffusive population mediated by a static vector environment on a 2D network. It is found that this model presents a dynamical phase transition from disease-free state to endemic state with a finite population density. Finite-size and short-time dynamic scaling relations are used to determine the critical population density and the critical exponents characterizing the behaviour near the critical point. The results are compatible with the universality class of directed percolation coupled to a conserved diffusive field with equal diffusion constants.     

新世纪的第一只燕子--2001年度诺贝尔物理学奖述评

文章介绍了玻色－爱因斯坦凝聚的原理，着重讨论了2001年诺贝尔物理学奖得主：科耐尔（E.A.Cornell)、维曼（C.E.Wiemian)和凯特利（W.Ketterle)在世界上首次产生铷原子和钠原子的玻色－爱因斯坦凝聚的贡献，以及最近他们在玻色－爱因斯坦凝聚物理的研究和实现原子激射的诸多进展。并对玻色－爱因斯坦凝聚物理的发展与技术上的应用进行初步展望。