拉曼光谱及其检测时样品前处理的研究进展

拉曼光谱具有操作简单,所需样本量小,检测灵敏度高等特点,可进行现场快速筛查、检测及鉴别。样品前处理直接影响分析结果的准确度和精密度,而且操作繁琐费时。发展快速、高效的样品前处理技术进而结合拉曼光谱检测技术具有重要的研究意义,特别是与增强拉曼光谱相结合进行食品、农产品中等残留物的衡量检测已成为研究热点。本文阐述了拉曼光谱产生的原理,介绍了拉曼光谱的起源和发展,讨论了表面增强拉曼光谱技术、针尖增强拉曼光谱技术和壳层隔绝纳米粒子增强拉曼光谱技术,并对拉曼检测之前的样品预处理进行了讨论。     

Surface modification of polytetrafluoroethylene film using single liquid electrode atmospheric- pressure glow discharge

Polytetrafluoroethylene films are treated by room temperature helium atmospheric pressure plasma plumes, which are generated with a home-made single liquid electrode plasma device. After plasma treatment, the water contact angle of polytetrafluoroethylene film drops from 114°to 46°and the surface free energy increases from 22.0 mJ/m2 to 59.1 mJ/m2. The optical emission spectrum indicates that there are reactive species such as O2+ , O and He in the plasma plume. After plasma treatment, a highly crosslinking structure is formed on the film surface and the oxygen element is incorporated into the film surface in the forms of -C-O-C-, -C=O, and -O-C=O groups. Over a period of 10 days, the contact angle of the treated film is recovered by only about 10 , which indicates that the plasma surface modification is stable with time.     

Acoustic dipole radiation model for magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction

An acoustic dipole radiation model for magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction (MAT-MI) is pro-posed,based on the analyses of one-dimensional tissue vibration,three-dimensional acoustic dipole radiation and acoustic waveform detection with a planar piston transducer.The collected waveforms provide information about the conductiv-ity boundaries in various vibration intensities and phases due to the acoustic dipole radiation pattern.Combined with the simplified back projection algorithm,the conductivity configuration of the measured layer in terms of shape and size can be reconstructed with obvious border stripes.The numerical simulation is performed for a two-layer cylindrical phantom model and it is also verified by the experimental results of MAT-MI for a tissue-like sample phantom.The proposed model suggests a potential application of conductivity differentiation and provides a universal basis for the further study of conductivity reconstruction for MAT-MI.     

含裂纹结构可靠度的多尺度求解

针对环境作用下金属结构从微观损伤到宏观失效的复杂过程,选用具有局部细化特征的CAS小波,先对疲劳裂纹扩展方程进行离散处理,将微分方程转化为代数方程组,然后用完全积分可靠性分析模型,对一般环境中和引入环境系数的含裂纹结构的可靠度进行求解.最后,验证了利用CAS小波多尺度方法求解复杂环境中结构疲劳破坏过程是可行的,并能很好地解决短裂纹与长裂纹扩展的光滑过渡.     

由4-甲基-1,2,3-噻二唑-5-甲酸构筑的铜配合物的合成、晶体结构及与DNA作用

由4-甲基-1,2,3-噻二唑-5-甲酸(HMTC,C₄H₄N₂O₂S)和菲咯啉(Phen)合成了2个铜配合物[Cu(MTC)2(H₂O)₂]_n(1),[Cu₂(MTC)₂(Phen)₂(H₂O)₄](MTC)₂(2)。用元素分析、红外光谱、热重分析、粉末X射线衍射进行表征,用单晶X射线衍射方法测定了配合物的晶体结构。结果表明,配合物1是一维链状结构,属于单斜晶系,P21/c空间群,中心金属铜(Ⅱ)离子的配位构型是一个畸变的四方锥结构。配合物2属于三斜晶系,P1空间群,是一个双核结构,由2个配位水分子上的氧桥连2个铜(Ⅱ)离子形成六配位的扭曲八面体结构。用溴化乙锭荧光探针测定了配体和配合物与DNA的相互作用,结果显示无论是配体还是配合物均能使EB-DNA复合体系的荧光发生不同程度的猝灭,且配合物的作用强度大于配体,具有刚性平面辅助配体的配合物2的作用强度又大于不加辅助配体的配合物1。     

A Multiple Resonant Mode Film Bulk Acoustic Resonator Based on Silicon-on-Insulator Structures

With the rapid development of wireless technol- ogy, the demand for integrating multi-band devices has spurred substantial research interest. Research on CMOS compatible radio-frequency （rf） devices has also attracted significant attention. The resonant frequency of film bulk acoustic resonators （FBARs） is mainly determined by the thickness of the piezo- electric film, complicating the integration of differ- ent frequencies on a single chip. One report real- ized multiple resonant frequencies around 2.0 GHz by changing the quality of the electrode. Another re- port obtained the 2.5 GHz main frequency response with a quality factor （Q） of 101.8 and some spuri- ous resonances, while these spurious resonances were irregular.     

金属Fe与间隙H原子相互作用的密度泛函研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法, 研究了不同摩尔比下H在α-Fe和γ-Fe晶格中的间隙占位情况, 计算了稳态晶体的总能量、结合能、溶解热、电子态密度、电荷差分密度和电荷布居, 分析了间隙H原子和Fe晶格之间的相互作用, 讨论了H溶解对α-Fe和γ -Fe晶体电子结构的影响. 结果表明: H溶解引起α-Fe和γ-Fe晶体点阵晶格畸变, 体积膨胀率随着溶氢量的增加而增加. 从能量角度分析发现, H优先占据α-Fe的四面体间隙位, 而在γ -Fe中优先 占据八面体间隙位. 态密度、电荷差分密度以及电荷布居分析发现, 间隙H原子与Fe晶格的相互作用仅由H的1s轨道电子和Fe的4s轨道电子所贡献, 二者作用力相对较弱, 这是造成H在Fe晶格中固溶度较低的主要原因之一. 关键词： 金属Fe 间隙H原子 第一性原理 溶解热     

核磁共振测井仪探头设计中的数值方法

核磁共振测井仪探头的优化设计能够增强仪器的探测特性,提高仪器的信噪比, 而探头设计中的数值方法对设计结果至关重要.本文利用电磁场有限元方法对贴井壁型核磁共振测井仪探头静磁场和射频场进行了2D和3D的数值模拟,深入分析了数值模型形状、模型尺寸、 单元形状对数值模拟结果的影响,并将有限元数值模拟结果与实测数据做了对比. 结果显示:数值模拟结果与实测数据符合.在设计核磁共振测井仪探头结构时, 选取与井眼形状一致的圆形模型,模型尺寸范围在10—15倍探头外径, 并采用三角形单元可以有效提高数值模拟方法精度,增强优化设计结果的可靠性.     

快速传递对准用联合强跟踪Kalman滤波器设计与仿真

针对用于快速传递对准的卡尔曼滤波器阶数高,计算量大,滤波更新率低,鲁棒性差及对准精度不高等问题,提出采用联合强跟踪Kalman滤波器进行快速传递对准。文中设计了联合强跟踪Kalman滤波器的结构和算法,同时利用改进的Elman网络进行信息分配系数的自适应调节,以实现融合信息在各子系统中的自适应分配。仿真结果表明,该滤波器不仅提高了解算速度,而且提高了系统鲁棒性和对准精度。