空间激光通信最新进展与发展趋势

空间激光通信凭借其带宽优势,成为未来高速空间通信不可或缺的有效手段,是近年来国际上的研究热点。本文详细介绍了美国、欧洲和日本在空间激光通信技术领域的最新研究进展和未来发展规划,总结了国内外空间激光通信演示计划的主要参数指标。通过对空间激光通信最新研究计划的分析,归纳出空间激光通信高速化、深空化、集成化、网络化、一体化5个发展趋势,以及需要突破的高阶调制、高灵敏度探测、多制式兼容、"一对多"通信等关键技术。为我国激光通信设备及相关研究提供借鉴和参考。     

超声速后台阶流动/射流相互作用的数值模拟

采用高精度格式求解二维Navier-Stokes方程研究超声速射流与同向超声速后台阶流动相互作用的流场基本结构及规律,分别应用5阶WENO格式、6阶中心差分格式离散对流项和黏性项,时间推进采用3阶Runge-Kutta格式,并应用消息传递接口（message passing interface,MPI）非阻塞式通信实现并行化.分别研究了超声速后台阶流动、超声速射流的基本结构特征,以此讨论和分析超声速后台阶流动/射流相互作用的特征,以及不同来流条件对波系结构、涡结构、剪切层、膨胀扇等的影响,尤其是来流剪切层和射流剪切层的相互作用,形成复杂的波系结构及相互干扰的流动现象.      

人体膝关节有限元模型建立及其有效性验证

建立了人体膝关节三维数字化模型,为膝关节损伤的数字化研究奠定基础;并基于有限元理论探讨、研究了膝关节损伤发生的力学机制。利用膝关节的核磁共振图像,采用专业的医学建模软件,基于3D插补法,重建膝关节三维数字化模型。建立的完整的人体膝关节三维有限元模型包括骨骼、韧带、软骨等14个主要力学承载部件,结构完整、形态逼真。本文所建的模型高度模拟了膝关节的结构与材料特性,具有空间结构测量准确性高、单元划分精细等特点。通过应力和应变测试验证了模型的有效性,模型可以重复使用,可以用此模型来研究膝关节损伤的力学机制。     

磁性AgBr/Ag3PO4/ZnFe2O4复合催化剂的制备及光催化性能

水热法结合原位沉淀法成功制备新型磁性溴化银/磷酸银/铁酸锌(AgBr/Ag₃PO₄/ZnFe₂O₄)复合催化剂,并通过X射线衍射、能量色散X射线、场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和紫外-可见漫反射光谱对其晶相结构、组成、形貌及吸光性能进行了表征。在可见光照射下,所制备的AgBr/Ag₃PO₄/ZnFe₂O₄复合催化剂光催化降解罗丹明B (RhB)的活性优于Ag3PO4/ZnFe₂O₄、AgBr/ZnFe₂O₄和P25 TiO₂。在酸性和碱性溶液中,AgBr/Ag₃PO₄/ZnFe₂O₄光催化剂呈现出优良光催化性能。在AgBr/Ag₃PO₄/ZnFe₂O₄体系中,光催化降解RhB的速率随着反应体系温度的升高而增大,由阿伦尼乌斯方程计算获得反应体系活化能为31.9 kJ·mol^-1。AgBr/Ag₃PO₄/ZnFe₂O₄复合材料优异的可见光催化活性归因于光生电荷的有效分离,所产生的超氧自由基和空穴是RhB降解的主要活性物种。     

铜带复合对超导倾斜堆叠结构的电磁特性优化研究

REBCO堆叠结构是超导体应用实现的关键中间载体。然而随着REBCO堆叠结构中带材数量的增加,将产生较大的应力限制堆叠带材的数量。倾斜堆叠结构(CSS)在一定程度上可以平衡堆叠弯曲半径和堆叠数量。允许堆叠的数量增加后,可加入金属带材复合来实现CSS的结构优化。由于CSS电流的分布有着不均匀的特性,固定根数的铜带复合在CSS不同位置对临界电流的影响可能不同。首先,本文基于实验方法和仿真方法,对铜带复合在CSS不同部分的电磁特性展开研究。随后,基于响应面分析法量化了不同复合结构的具体效果。最后通过分析复合CSS和普通堆叠的临界电流差异和交流损耗差异,来验证铜带复合CSS的电磁性能优势。     

Effects of 5f-elements on electronic structures and spectroscopic properties of gold superatom model

5f-elements encaged in a gold superatomic cluster are capable of giving rise to unique optical properties due to their hyperactive valence electrons and great radial components of 5f/6d orbitals. Herein, we review our first-principles studies on electronic structures and spectroscopic properties of a series of actinide-embedded gold superatomic clusters with different dimensions. The three-dimensional(3D) and two-dimensional(2D) superatom clusters possess the 18-electron configuration of 1S21P61D10 and 10-electron configuration of 1S21P41D4, respectively. Importantly, their electronic absorption spectra can also be effectively explained by the superatom orbitals. Specifically, the charge transfer(CT) transitions involved in surface-enhance Raman spectroscopy(SERS) spectra for 3D and 2D structures are both from the filled 1D orbitals, providing the enhancement factors of the order of ～ 104 at 488 nm and ～ 105 at 456 nm, respectively. This work implies that the superatomic orbital transitions involved in 5f-elements can not only lead to a remarkable spectroscopic performance, but also a new direction for optical design in the future.     

非Lipschitz的渐近弱伪压缩映象不动点的迭代逼近

给出了渐近弱伪压缩映象概念,在Banach空间中讨论不动点的迭代逼近问题,所得结果改进和推广了已有的一些结果。     

石墨片层结构对超高温陶瓷材料抗热震行为的影响

通过热压烧结工艺制备了ZrB2-SiC-AlN和ZrB2-SiC-C两种超高温陶瓷材料。并通过淬火实验表征了所制备材料的抗热震行为。结果表明:这两种超高温陶瓷材料的剩余强度衰减机制有所不同,ZrB2-SiC-AlN的剩余强度主要受热震表面裂纹影响,而ZrB2-SiC-C在热震过程中不产生表面裂纹,其剩余强度主要受表面氧化和热震损伤的影响。ZrB2-SiC-C具有相对较高的热震阻力,增加该材料体系的抗氧化能力对于提高该材料体系抗热震行为具有积极的意义。通过有限元分析定性揭示了ZSC具有较高剩余淬火强度的原因。     

Residual stress induced wetting variation on electric brush-plated Cu film

Nanocrystalline Cu film with a mirror surface finishing is prepared by the electric brush-plating technique. The as- prepared Cu film exhibits a superhydrophilic behavior with an apparent water contact angle smaller than 10°. A subsequent increase in the water contact angle and a final wetting transition from inherent hydrophilicity with water contact angle smaller than 90° to apparent hydrophobicity with water contact angle larger than 90° are observed when the Cu film is subjected to natural aging. Analysis based on the measurement of hardness with nanoindentation and the theory of the bond-order-length-strength correlation reveals that this wetting variation on the Cu film is attributed to the relaxation of residual stress generated during brush-plating deposition and a surface hydrophobization role associated with the broken bond polarization induced by surface nanostructure.     

Finite size specimens with cracks of icosahedral AI-Pd-Mn quasicrystals

Icosahedral quasicrystals are the most important and thermodynamically stable in all about 200 kinds of quasicrystals currently observed. Beyond the scope of classical elasticity, apart from a phonon displacement field, there is a phason displacement field in the elasticity of the quasicrystal, which induces an important effect on the mechanical properties of the material and makes an analytical solution difficult to obtain. In this paper, a finite element algorithm for the static elasticity of icosahedral quasicrystals is developed by transforming the elastic boundary value problem of the icosahedral quasicrystals into an equivalent variational problem. Analytical and numerical solutions for an icosahedral A1-Pd-Mn quasicrystal cuboid subjected to a uniaxial tension with different phonon-phason coupling parameters are given to verify the validity of the numerical approach. A comparison between the analytical and numerical solutions of the specimen demonstrates the accuracy and efficiency of the present algorithm. Finally, in order to reveal the fracture behavior of the icosahedral A1-Pd-Mn quasicrystal, a cracked specimen with a finite size of matter is investigated, both with and without phonon-phason coupling. Meanwhile, the geometry factors are calculated, including the stress intensity factor and the crack opening displacement for the finite-size specimen. Computational results reveal the importance of pbonon-phason coupling effect on the icosahedral A1-Pd-Mn quasicrystal. Furthermore, the finite element procedure can be used to solve more complicated boundary value problems.