聚酰胺氨类树枝形聚合物插入式自组装膜的制备与摩擦学性能：小分子链长的影响

在硅基片上制备了聚酰胺氨类树枝形聚合物与不同链长的脂肪酸小分子复合自组装单层膜,用椭圆偏振光测厚仪、DSA 100接触角测量仪、X 射线光电子能谱（XPS）和原子力显微镜（AFM）对所制备的薄膜结构进行了表征,并分别考察了薄膜的纳米摩擦学性能和宏观摩擦学性能。结果表明：C18和C12成功组装到了PAMAM单层膜上PAMAM分子间的空白处。小分子的插入减小了PAMAM自组装膜表面的摩擦力和摩擦系数,提高了PAMAM自组装膜的承载能力。小分子链长的差别对复合薄膜的结构及摩擦学性能影响的差别不明显。     

Superior tribological properties of an amorphous carbon film with a graphite-like structure

Amorphous carbon films with high sp² concentrations are deposited by unbalanced magnetron sputtering with a narrow range of substrate bias voltage. Field emission scanning electron microscopes (FESEMs), high resolution transmission electron microscopes (HRTEMs), atomic force microscopes (AFMs), the Raman spectrometers, nano-indentation, and tribometers are subsequently used to characterize the microstructures and the properties of the resulting films. It is found that the present films are dominated by the sp² sites. However, the films demonstrate a moderate hardness together with a low internal stress. The high hardness of the deposited film originates from the crosslinking of the sp² clusters by the sp³ sites. The presence of the graphite-like clusters in the film structure may be responsible for the low internal stress. What is more important is that the resulting films show excellent tribological properties with high load capacity and excellent wear resistance in humid atmospheres. The relationship between the microstructure determined by the deposition condition and the film characteristic is discussed in detail.     

转移膜的形成对含氢碳膜超低摩擦性能的影响

含氢非晶碳膜在惰性气氛下展现了超低摩擦性能,摩擦系数可达到10~(–3)数量级.本文中通过试验设计验证了转移膜的形成是碳膜超低摩擦性能获得的必要条件.采用含氢非晶碳膜(a-C:H)与钢作为摩擦配副,球盘接触旋转运动,更换接触方式:一种是钢球与镀a-C:H薄膜的钢平板对摩,另一种是镀a-C:H薄膜钢球与钢平板对摩.保持配副材料不变,利用接触方式的差异,来改变转移膜形成的难易程度.第一种方式下,a-C:H可以转移到对偶形成均匀的转移膜,具有超低摩擦性能;在第二种方式下,a-C:H不能转移到对偶形成转移膜,摩擦系数高.而该转移膜是一种含氢的,以sp~2杂化为主的碳结构.氢能够参与钝化碳悬键,从而保证低化学作用活性,sp~2平面分子结构可以具有较低的剪切强度.因此,转移膜的形成和氢的钝化作用对a-C:H薄膜超低摩擦机理均具有重要的贡献.     

摩擦偶件材料对非晶含氢碳薄膜摩擦学性能的影响

利用等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术在单晶硅基底上制备了非晶含氢碳薄膜；采用Raman光谱仪、红外光谱仪和原子力显微镜等研究了碳膜的微观结构和表面形貌；采用UMT-2MT型摩擦磨损试验机考察了摩擦偶件材料对碳膜摩擦学性能的影响，并探讨了其磨损机制．结果表明：所制备的非晶含氢碳膜均匀、致密，硬度较高；当碳膜同高硬度陶瓷材料配副时，其摩擦系数低而稳定，薄膜呈现轻微擦伤和剥落磨损特征；当碳膜同低硬度的金属材料配副时，其摩擦系数高且不稳定，薄膜呈现严重粘着和磨粒磨损特征．薄膜的摩擦磨损行为同薄膜和摩擦偶件之间的相互转移有关．     

等离子喷涂Al2O3/TiO2纳米复合涂层的制备、结构及摩擦学性能

采用喷雾干燥法对溶胶-凝胶法合成的系列A l2O3/TiO2纳米复合粉体进行造粒,使用等离子喷涂技术制备系列A l2O3/TiO2纳米复合涂层.对涂层结构和形貌分析表明所制备的A l2O3/TiO2纳米复合涂层形成了具有熔融区和半熔融区的双区形态的纳米复合结构.使用UMT-2MT试验机研究了复合涂层的摩擦磨损性能,结果表明复合涂层的磨损率随TiO2含量的增加表现出先降低而后增大的趋势,TiO2质量百分数为10%的纳米复合涂层的磨损率最低;而涂层的摩擦系数随TiO2含量的增加变化不大.复合涂层的磨损机制为裂纹扩展导致的磨损剥落.     

等离子喷涂纳米和常规喂料WC-Co涂层在干摩擦和水环境中的摩擦磨损性能研究

采用大气等离子喷涂法分别以纳米和常规喂料制备出2种WC—Co涂层,在SRV摩擦磨损试验机上考察了2种涂层在干摩擦和水环境中的摩擦磨损性能．结果表明：在干摩擦和水环境中,纳米WC—Co涂层的摩擦系数和磨损率均小于常规WC—Co涂层;纳米和常规WC—Co涂层的磨损机制差异不大,在干摩擦下其磨损机制主要以粘着磨损、剥落和磨粒磨损为主;在水环境中,WC—Co涂层与Si3N4配副时的摩擦系数和磨损量较与不锈钢球配副时高,2种摩擦副的磨损机理有所不同,前者主要以剥落和疲劳磨损为主,后者主要以粘着磨损为主,伴有轻微的磨粒磨损．     

Molecular Dynamical Simulations on a-C：H Film Growth from C and H Atomic Flux： Effect of Incident Energy

Molecular dynamical simulation is carried out to investigate the effects of the incident energy on a-C：H film growth from C and tt atomic flux. Our simulations show that the film growth at low incident energy （1 eV） is dominated by the adsorption of H and C atoms. At moderate incident energy （10 and 20eV）, the abstraction reaction of incident H atoms with H atoms adsorbed at the surface becomes important. At high incident energy （30 and 40eV）, the a-C：H film growth is a two-step process： one is the adsorption and the shallow implantation of C atoms, and the other is the deep implantation of H atoms.     

Superior tribological properties of an amorphous carbon film with a graphite-like structure

Amorphous carbon films with high sp 2 concentrations are deposited by unbalanced magnetron sputtering with a narrow range of substrate bias voltage. Field emission scanning electron microscopes (FESEMs), high resolution transmission electron microscopes (HRTEMs), atomic force microscopes (AFMs), the Raman spectrometers, nano- indentation, and tribometers are subsequently used to characterize the microstructures and the properties of the resulting films. It is found that the present films are dominated by the sp 2 sites. However, the films demonstrate a moderate hardness together with a low internal stress. The high hardness of the deposited film originates from the crosslinking of the sp 2 clusters by the sp 3 sites. The presence of the graphite-like clusters in the film structure may be responsible for the low internal stress. What is more important is that the resulting films show excellent tribological properties with high load capacity and excellent wear resistance in humid atmospheres. The relationship between the microstructure determined by the deposition condition and the film characteristic is discussed in detail.     

导弹发射装置滑轨表面MoS2干膜防护高温高速两相燃气流应用研究

选用多种MoS2干膜润滑材料，对滑轨式武器发射系统的高能有烟发动机两相燃气流高温烧蚀、熔融残渣的高速热冲蚀以及粘渣-烧蚀耦合破坏作用进行有效的润滑和防护试验，分析了烧粘现象和残渣组成，采用发动机试车台模拟试验及国军标环境条件试验评估了多种MoS2干膜润滑材料的防护特性．结果表明：国产MoS2干膜防护涂层兼有一定的润滑及防腐蚀功能，能显著改善滑轨表面的润滑性能和抑制高温高速燃气流的烧粘-腐蚀破坏作用；滑轨表面烧粘-腐蚀程度与发动机推进剂的铝粉性质及含量(残渣量)直接相关，各种防护涂层的主要破坏形式为烧蚀、热冲蚀以及粘渣破坏，由于残渣含腐蚀物，有必要在烧粘后及时清洗并施行二次防护，其中热固型MoS2干膜的防护性能优于常温固化型MoS2干膜，但由于燃气严重的热冲蚀，还需采用常温快速固化的MoS2干膜进行现场修补．