野生食用蕈菌不同部位的红外光谱研究

测试了野生食用蕈菌子实体不同部位的傅里叶变换红外光谱。结果显示,同一蕈菌的菌盖皮、菌褶、菌盖肉、菌柄的红外光谱显示差异,红菇科红菇属的青头菌、大红菇的菌盖皮与其他部位的光谱有较大差异;鹅膏科鸡 菌的菌褶与其它部位的光谱有明显区别。表明蘑菇同一子实体不同部位的化学组成有差异。通过蘑菇不同部位的红外光谱有可能区分不同种类的蘑菇。     

食用菌的傅里叶变换红外光谱鉴别

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱法(FTIR)研究了担子菌木耳目、非褶菌目和伞菌目6个科9个属的10种食用菌的子实体。将光谱分为5个区S1区(3 050～2 800 cm-1),S2区(1 750～1 500 cm-1),S3区(1 500～1 200 cm-1),S4区(1 200～950 cm-1),S5区(950～700 cm-1);在5个区中,强峰出现在S4区的1 080 cm-1附近和1 040 cm-1(1 020 cm-1)附近,以及S2区的1 640 cm-1附近,1 640 cm-1附近的峰为酰胺Ⅰ振动峰,前两峰为糖类振动峰。根据5个区光谱峰值和吸收强度比,可以鉴别不同的食用菌。700～950 cm-1范围有可能作为区分不同属蘑菇间的指纹区。     

低温冰箱冷冻对人体组织拉曼光谱的影响

研究了低温冰箱冷冻保存时间对人体甲状腺组织、子宫肌瘤组织的拉曼光谱的影响。组织用磷酸缓冲生理液浸泡 ,于 - 4℃保存 (未冻 ) 1 0 h,测试拉曼光谱 ;测后将组织样品浸入磷酸缓冲生理液 ,置于低温冰箱 - 30℃保存。分别于冷冻几天、十几天和六十天后 ,取出解冻测试拉曼光谱。结果表明 ,冷冻保存 1 0天内对组织的拉曼光谱没有明显的影响。该结果对拉曼光谱研究人体组织具有指导意义     

准一维有机超导体(TMTSF)_2ClO_4的高精度温差电动势研究

测量了准一维有机超导体 (TMTSF) 2 ClO4 单晶a方向不同降温速率下的高精度温差电动势 (6— 2 80K) .高温下的温差电动势表现出线性行为 ,不能被正常的一维电子能带理论所解释 .在 2 4 0K左右观察到温差电动势斜率发生反常突变 .在 14 0K左右温差电动势向下逐渐偏离线性行为 ,这与 1D— 2D的维度渡越相关 .对阴离子有序—无序相变温度Ta(Ta=2 4K)附近的温差电动势结果与比热和电阻率的数据进行了比较 .对于极慢速降温的温差电动势 ,求导后可以看到相变的痕迹 .随着通过Ta 降温速率的增大 ,在Ta 之下的温差电动势数值出现了一个逐渐增大的整体抬高 .对此进行了讨论 .     

Structural and electrical characterization of annealed Si_(1-x)C_x/SiC thin film prepared by magnetron sputtering

Si-rich Sil-xCx/SiC multilayer thin films are prepared using magnetron sputtering, subsequently followed by thermal annealing in the range of 800-1200 ℃. The influences of annealing temperature （Ta） on the formation of Si and/or SiC nanocrystals （NCs） and on the electrical characteristics of the multilayer film are investigated by using a variety of analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry （FT-IR）, current-voltage （I-V） technique, and capacitance-voltage （C-V） technique. XRD and Raman analyses indicate that Si NCs begin to form in samples for Ta _ 800 ~C. At annealing temperatures of 1000 ℃ or higher, the formation of Si NCs is accompanied by the formation of SiC NCs. With the increase in the annealing temperature, the shift of FT-IR Si-C bond absorption spectra toward a higher wave number along with the change of band shape can be explained by a Si-C transitional phase between the loss of substitutional carbon and the formation of SiC precipitates and a precursor for the growth of SiC crystalline. The C-V and I-V results indicate that the interface quality of Si1-xCx/SiC multilayer film is improved significantly and the leakage current is reduced rapidly for Ta ≥ 1000 ℃, which can be ascribed to the formation of Si and SiC NCs.     

系统-热库模型平衡约化密度矩阵的精确计算:多层多构型含时Hartree方法及其与多电子态路径积分分子动力学方法的比较

An efficient and accurate method for computing the equilibrium reduced density matrix is presented for treating open quantum systems characterized by the system-bath model. The method employs the multilayer multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree theory for imaginary time propagation and an importance sampling procedure for calculating the quantum mechanical trace. The method is applied to the spin-boson Hamiltonian, which leads to accurate results in agreement with those produced by the multi-electronic-state path integral molecular dynamics method.     

相干彩虹的形成机制

用一束白光激光聚焦照射液体(水、丙酮、无水乙醇、汽水等)或固体(冰、有色玻璃、塑料、彩色蜡等),出现了多级的彩色干涉环,即相干彩虹.高强度白光局部地加热了液体(固体),改变了它的密度(以及折射性质),从而导致光程差的出现,不同波长的光都发生干渉,形成了彩色的干涉环.有色玻璃在反射模式下也出现了相干彩虹,此时的干涉完全来自于玻璃表面轮廓的变化,并且无参数拟合的结果定量地符合观测到的干涉图案.     

在半导体-金属相变温度附近氧化钒薄膜光学性质的异常变动

在可见光—近红外波段的不同波长下,测量了半导体-金属相变过程中氧化钒薄膜样品的反射率和透射率.在薄膜相变过程中,不同波段的反射率曲线和透射率曲线表现出不同的变化趋势.利用非相干光在薄膜中的多级反射-透射模型,计算了相变过程中不同波长下氧化钒薄膜的折射率n和消光系数k随温度的变化.结果表明,在相变温度附近氧化钒薄膜光学性质的异常变动,其原因既有薄膜的折射率和消光系数随波长的变化趋势不同,也有在吸收性薄膜中存在探测光多次反射和透射的累加效应.     

Design and analysis of the tunnel connecting the beamcorridor and the spectrum hall of the CSNS

There is a tunnel connecting the beamcorridor and the target station in the spectrum hall in the CSNS project. The length of the tunnel is about 20 m. The shielding design of the tunnel is very significant for the persons working in the spectrum hall because the tunnel is not covered by soil for shielding. In order to reduce the dose rate at the exit of the cable ducts, we use the ISIS construction, which is designed with four turnings, as a reference for the tunnel design. The thickness of the shielding is obtained by a simulation with the Monte Carlo Code FLUKA. The result is compared with the data obtained with Moyer Mode and the reliability of the simulation is proved. This paper provides the basis for the design of the tunnel.     

偶氮苯介晶基元取向方式对其取向稳定性影响

根据取向透射率变化研究了偶氮苯侧链液晶聚合物在不同光照功率条件下的取向,用锥光干涉法表征了侧链介晶基元的取向方向,并研究了升温对取向膜的稳定性影响.实验结果表明介晶基元的取向速度和取向度都随光照时间和光照功率增加而增加;超过一定阈值功率(20 mW/cm2)时,随着光照时间延长薄膜的透射率(取向度)反而降低.高功率光照...