虚时路径积分的广义四阶拆分方法及其谐振子分析

虚时路径积分方法是计算实际体系量子热力学性质的有效工具. 本文重点分析讨论了基于二阶和四阶拆分的虚时路径积分的有效性,给出谐振子体系配分函数统一的解析形式,进而得到其热力学性质和主要误差的表达式. 通过去除谐振子配分函数的主要误差,广义对称四阶拆分中的自由参数得以固定,以此计算实际体系的热力学量可以达到期望的三阶精度.     

Stability and electronic structure studies of LaAlO_3/SrTiO_3 (110) heterostructures

The first-principles calculations are employed to investigate the stability, magnetic, and electrical properties of the oxide heterostructure of LaAlO3/SrTiO3(110). By comparing their interface energies, it is obtained that the buckled interface is more stable than the abrupt interface. This result is consistent with experimental observation. At the interface of LaAlO3/SrTiO3(110) heterostructure, the Ti–O octahedron distortions cause the Ti t2 gorbitals to split into the twofold degenerate dxz/dyz and nondegenerate dxy orbitals. The former has higher energy than the latter. The partly filled two-fold degenerate t2 gorbitals are the origin of two-dimensional electron gas, which is confined at the interface. Lattice mismatch between LaAlO3 and SrTiO3leads to ferroelectric-like lattice distortions at the interface, and this is the origin of spin-splitting of Ti 3d electrons. Hence the magnetism appears at the interface of LaAlO3/SrTiO3(110).     

青藏高原对流层气溶胶的激光雷达监测与研究

运用激光雷达方程和Fernald方法,对西藏那曲地区和北京地区对流层气溶胶的微脉冲激光雷达(MPL)探测数据进行时空反演和比较,结果表明:气溶胶散射比廓线有着较为相似的结构分布,分层锯齿结构非常明显,主要包括贴地层、气溶胶混合层和气溶胶对流层。那曲测站上空气溶胶散射比在无云条件下最大值基本上保持在2.0左右;在测站上空均存在密度较大且较厚的积云;夏季的混合层或残留层(浅蓝色部分)高度抬高;夏季对流层低层积云的云量和积云出现的概率较冬季要少。     

铝对多巴胺和左旋多巴氧化的化学催化作用的电化学和光谱学研究

用电化学、紫外-可见光谱和^13C-核磁共振谱研究了铝(Ⅲ)对多巴胺和左旋多巴氧化的化学催化作用。结果表明,在中性和碱性条件下铝(Ⅲ)均能促进多巴胺和左旋多巴的氧化,这一促进作用提高了用多巴胺和左旋多巴作电活性配体示差脉冲伏安法间接测铝的灵敏度。但是抗坏血酸有抑制铝(Ⅲ)的催化效应的作用。     

自组装制备二氧化铪图案化薄膜

采用短波紫外光(UV)在十八烷基三氯硅烷(OTS)自组装单分子层刻蚀不同的微型图案,利用液相自组装技术在OTS模板表面沉积HfO₂图案化薄膜。通过XRD、AFM、SEM、EDS等测试手段对OTS膜和HfO₂薄膜进行表征,结果表明：以OTS为模板利用液相自组装技术成功制备出边缘轮廓清晰、粗糙度较小、条纹宽度为10μm的立方晶型的HfO₂图案化薄膜。     

理解随机过程分子动力学中的真实/虚拟动力学

Molecular dynamics with the stochastic process provides a convenient way to compute structural and thermodynamic properties of chemical, biological, and materials systems. It is demonstrated that the virtual dynamics case that we proposed for the Langevin equation[J. Chem. Phys. 147, 184104 (2017)] in principle exists in other types of stochastic thermostats as well. The recommended "middle" scheme[J. Chem. Phys. 147, 034109 (2017)] of the Andersen thermostat is investigated as an example. As shown by both analytic and numerical results, while the real and virtual dynamics cases approach the same plateau of the characteristic correlation time in the high collision frequency limit, the accuracy and efficiency of sampling are relatively insensitive to the value of the collision frequency in a broad range. After we compare the behaviors of the Andersen thermostat to those of Langevin dynamics, a heuristic schematic representation is proposed for understanding efficient stochastic thermostatting processes with molecular dynamics.     

电形成法制备脂质体

脂质体具有类似生物膜的双分子层结构,利用电形成法制备的脂质体多为10-100μm的巨型单层囊泡,在光学显微镜下容易观察,因此利用电形成法制备的脂质体在模拟和替代细胞等方面的研究和应用具有较大潜力。本文对电形成法制备脂质体的研究进行了综述。文中介绍了传统的及改进后的电形成装置,对双分子层厚度、渗透压、电解质、固体表面、电压、频率、温度、pH值等过程参数对脂质体形成的影响作了详细阐述。     

Si_3N_4粒度对逆反应烧结制备Si_3N_4/SiC复合材料性能的影响

研究了不同粒度的Si3N4粉体对制备的逆反应烧结Si3N4-SiC复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:同一升温制度下,Si3N4粒度从0.074 mm减小到0.045 mm,Si3N4-SiC复合材料体积密度增大,显气孔率变低,抗折强度降低。随着Si3N4粒度减小,材料中的Si3N4含量降低;中温保温从900℃升到1200℃,Si3N4含量升高;高温保温温度从1350℃到1500℃,材料内部氧化程度增高,Si3N4含量降低,SiO2含量升高;Si3N4-SiC复合材料玻璃相增多,玻璃相中有SiO2晶体析出,使得孔隙被生成的玻璃相和发育的SiO2晶粒填充,材料的气孔减少。     

Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4±δ单晶ab面与c方向电阻率的比较

本文通过对Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4±δ单晶ab面(ρab)和c方向电阻率(ρc)的测量,发现未经过氮气退火的样品的ρc与温度成线性依赖关系,但是同一个样品经过氮气退火后的ρc中不仅有一次方的温度依赖关系还有二次方的.这说明样品经过氮气退火后,电子与空穴两种载流子共同参与导电.样品在退火处理前的各向异性比(ρc-ρc0)/(ρab-ρab0)存在强的温度依赖关系,这是由于ρc与温度成线性依赖关系,然而ρab不仅有一次方的温度依赖关系还有二次方的.样品经过退火处理后的各向异性比存在弱的温度依赖赖关系,这是由于ρc与ρab中都同时有一次方和二次方的温度依赖关系.我们用电子和空穴沿c方向有不同的隧穿几率来解释ρc和(ρc-ρc0)/(ρab-ρab0).     

Ferroelectric Properties of Polycrystalline Ceramics with Dipolar Defect Simulated from the Potts--Ising Model

Physical properties of polycrystailine ferroelectrics including the contributions of the fixed dipolar defects and the average grain size in the Potts-Ising model are simulated by using the Monte Carlo method. Domain pattern, hysteresis loop and switching current of the polarization reversal process are obtained. Two processes are considered in our simulation. In the first one, the grain texture of ferroelectric ceramics are produced from the Ports model, and then the Ising model is implemented in the obtained polycrystailine texture to produce the domain pattern, hysteresis loop and switching current. It is concluded that the defect has the ability to decrease the remnant polarization P~ as well as the coercive field E~. The back switching is obviously observed after the electric field is off, and it shows some variation after introducing the fixed dipolar defect. Meanwhile, the spike of the switching current is found to lower with the increasing defect concentration and the decreasing average grain size.