便携式GC-MS在挥发性有机物应急监测中的应用

建立了便携式GC-MS测定空气中37种挥发性有机物(VOCs)的方法,采用便携式GC-MS配置的手持探头采集大气样品,然后用便携式GC-MS进行检测.该方法能快速、有效地对空气中的37种挥发性有机物进行定性和定量,具有相关性好(r>0.995)、检出限低(0.070×10-9 ～0.94×10-9 (体积分数))、精密度好(RSD小于7.7%)、准确度高(回收率为92% ～114%)的特点,适用于大气中挥发性有机污染物的应急监测.     

构元组集损伤断裂模型及其与内聚区模型的比较

结构的响应实质上是材料的响应,宏观结构损伤至断裂的发展过程也是材料性质不断演化的结果.构元组集模型从材料的微观物理变形机制出发,基于对泛函势理论和Cauchy-Born准则,抽象出两种构元:弹簧束构元和体积构元.在微观层次上,结构损伤和断裂的实质都是原子间键合力减弱和丧失的结果,而弹簧束构元是同一方向上的原子键的抽象,因此损伤可以通过弹簧束构元的响应曲线来反映.组集两种构元的响应,建立了材料的弹性损伤本构关系,从而能一致描述材料从弹性到损伤、破坏的发展过程.将构元组集模型的本构关系嵌入ABAQUS的用户材料单元子程序UMAT,实现对结构响应的数值模拟.论文模拟了包含中心预制裂纹三点弯曲梁的裂纹扩展过程,并与内聚区模型比较,给出了内聚区模型所假设的应力-位移关系曲线,并从材料损伤演化的角度对材料裂纹扩展过程做出了物理解释.     

Thermal resistance matrix representation of thermal effects and thermal design in multi-finger power heterojunction bipolar transistors

The thermal resistance matrix including self-heating thermal resistance and thermal coupling resistance is presented to describe the thermal effects of multi-finger power heterojunction bipolar transistors. The dependence of thermal resistance matrix on finger spacing is also investigated. It is shown that both self-heating thermal resistance and thermal coupling resistance are lowered by increasing the finger spacing, in which the downward dissipated heat path is widened and the heat flow from adjacent fingers is effectively suppressed. The decrease of self-heating thermal resistance and thermal coupling resistance is helpful for improving the thermal stability of power devices. Furthermore, with the aid of the thermal resistance matrix, a 10-finger power heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) with non-uniform finger spacing is designed for high thermal stability. The optimized structure can effectively lower the peak temperature while maintaining a uniformity of the temperature profile at various biases and thus the device effectively may operate at a higher power level.     

偏振成像探测技术发展现状及关键技术

考虑偏振成像探测技术在目标探测中具有独特优势,本文介绍了偏振成像探测技术的概念,概括了国外偏振成像探测技术的研究历程和发展现状。基于上述描述,针对偏振成像探测的关键技术进行了深入的讨论,包括目标偏振特性、信道环境下的偏振传输特性和偏振成像目标全偏振图像的获取等。最后总结了该研究领域存在的主要问题,归纳了偏振成像探测技术的发展趋势。     

Collector optimization for tradeoff between breakdown voltage and cut-off frequency in SiGe HBT

As is well known, there exists a tradeoff between the breakdown voltage BVCEOand the cut-off frequency fTfor a standard heterojunction bipolar transistor(HBT). In this paper, this tradeoff is alleviated by collector doping engineering in the SiGe HBT by utilizing a novel composite of P+and N-doping layers inside the collector–base(CB) space-charge region(SCR). Compared with the single N-type collector, the introduction of the thin P+layers provides a reverse electric field weakening the electric field near the CB metallurgical junction without changing the field direction, and the thin Nlayer further effectively lowers the electric field near the CB metallurgical junction. As a result, the electron temperature near the CB metallurgical junction is lowered, consequently suppressing the impact ionization, thus BVCEOis improved with a slight degradation in fT. The results show that the product of fT×BVCEOis improved from 309.51 GHz·V to326.35 GHz·V.     

自由曲面机载头盔显示器光学系统设计

为了解决传统头盔显示器大出瞳距、大视场与轻型化、小型化间的矛盾,采用径向基函数表征自由曲面设计了一款头盔显示器光学系统。详细论述了径向基函数表征自由曲面的原理,分析了光学系统像差校正方法。在设计中,尝试了一种方法来快速地确定优化起点,分析了该光学系统的成像质量。该光学系统的视场为45°×32°,出瞳大小为15mm,出瞳距为50mm。在奈奎斯特频率处,全视场的调制传输函数(MTF)值大于0.6。在(-22.5°,16°)视场处有最大畸变值-1.54%。系统尺寸56mm×128mm,重量136g。优化设计结果表明,该全息头盔显示光学系统像差小,可以较好地为使用者提供清晰的字符信息或者视频图像。该头盔显示光学系统成像质量好,体积小重量轻,可以应用于新一代机载头盔显示技术。     

基于单个四条带BPM的非拦截式能散度测量方法

能散度是反映束流品质的重要参数,采用传统测量方法测量时打到靶上的束流不能得到利用,测得的数据也是多个宏脉冲的平均值,利用该方法的测量结果进行束流调节时,要等待荧光靶从束流轨道中反复插入和提出,调节时间很长。基于单个四条带束流位置检测器,结合发射度测量的方法,实现了非拦截式能散度测量方法。该方法能在不加入额外设备的情况下对每个束流宏脉冲的能散度进行测量,测量结果与传统的拦截式测量方法结果相吻合。进行了误差分析,指出为了减小测量系统误差,需要尽可能使束流通过束流位置检测器中心。     

Iterative filtered ghost imaging

It is generally believed that, in ghost imaging, there has to be a compromise between resolution and visibility. Here we propose and demonstrate an iterative filtered ghost imaging scheme whereby a super-resolution image of a grayscale object is achieved, while at the same time the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and visibility are greatly improved, without adding complexity. The dependence of the SNR, visibility, and resolution on the number of iterations is also investigated and discussed. Moreover, with the use of compressed sensing the sampling number can be reduced to less than 1% of the Nyquist limit, while maintaining image quality with a resolution that can exceed the Rayleigh diffraction bound by more than a factor of 10.     

非平稳时间序列分析的WAVELET—改进GM(1,1)组合方法及其应用

提出非平稳时间序列分析的WAVELET—改进GM(1,1)组合方法.首先利用Mallat算法对非平稳时间序列进行小波分解;然后采用能量阈值选择策略对高频系数进行处理,并将其与低频系数进行小波重构;最后运用改进的GM(1,1)方法预测.该方法不仅能充分拟合低频信息,而且可避免对高频信息的过拟合.实验结果证明,该方法比传统的非平稳时间序列预测方法具有更高的预测精度.     

基于多光谱遥感成像链模型的系统信噪比分析

信噪比(SNR)是评价多光谱遥感成像性能的重要指标,在设计多光谱遥感成像仪的最初阶段应进行分析,从而确定各分系统相关参数。多光谱遥感系统的成像链模型综合考虑辐射源、地物光谱反射、大气辐射传输、光学系统成像、分光元件特性、探测器光谱响应和相机噪声等各个环节,可用于进行成像过程端对端的完整分析。以基于滤光片阵列的多光谱遥感系统为例,采用MODTRAN软件进行大气辐射传输计算,对不同太阳天顶角下,不同目标地物计算像面的照度,根据电荷耦合器件探测器的噪声模型,计算出不同工作条件下多光谱遥感系统的SNR。通过对SNR的分析,可给出该类型多光谱遥感系统获得最佳性能的工作条件,并能够结合使用要求进行光学系统参数的优化选择。