等离子喷涂纳米WC-12％Co涂层与陶瓷和不锈钢配副时的摩擦磨损性能对比研究

利用大气等离子喷涂技术制备了纳米和微米WC-12%Co涂层,采用SRV摩擦磨损试验机考察了纳米和微米WC-12%Co涂层在干摩擦条件下分别与Si3N4陶瓷球和不锈钢球配副时的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:在相同试验条件下,纳米和微米WC-12%Co涂层分别与Si3N4陶瓷球和不锈钢球配副时的摩擦系数相差不大,但纳米WC-12%Co涂层的抗磨件能明显优于微米WC-12%Co涂层;2种涂层的磨损机制差异亦较小,纳米涂层在低载荷下的主要磨损机制为微断裂和轻微磨粒磨损,而在较高载荷下的磨损机制为硬质相的剥落和磨粒磨损;微米涂层在较低载荷下的磨损机制为微断裂和磨粒磨损,在较高载荷下为疲劳磨损.在相同试验条件下,纳米WC-12%Co涂层的磨损表面损伤明显较轻微.     

低压近场静电纺丝ZnO/PVDF复合微米纤维阵列的制备及压力传感性

利用低压近场静电纺丝技术制备了ZnO/PVDF(聚二偏氟乙烯)微米纤维平行阵列, 通过光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能量色散光谱(EDS)对ZnO/PVDF微米纤维进行了表征. 该复合纤维的平均直径约为40 μm. EDS分析测试证明ZnO纳米颗粒已经掺杂进入了平行微米纤维中. 压电性能和电学性能测试结果表明, ZnO/PVDF微米纤维阵列的压电性能增强. 研究结果表明, 近场电纺丝ZnO/PVDF复合微米纤维阵列在压电型压力传感器和纳米发电机领域具有潜在的应用价值.     

Fabrication and formation mechanism of closed-loop fibers by electrospinning with a tip collector

Electrospun nanofibers with designed or controlled structures have drawn much attention. In this study, we report an interesting new closed-loop structure in individual cerium nitrate/polyvinyl alcohol(Ce(NO_3)_3/PVA) and Na Cl/PVA fibers,which are fabricated by electrospinning with a nail collector. The electrospinning parameters such as voltage and Ce(NO_3)_3(or Na Cl) concentration are examined for the formation of the closed-loop structure. The results suggest that the increase of the spinning voltage or addition of Ce(NO_3)_3(or Na Cl) is favorable for the formation of the closed-loop structure, and the increase of loop numbers and the decrease of loop size. Further analyses indicate that the formation mechanism of the closed-loop fibers can be predominantly attributed to the Coulomb repulsion in the charged jets.     

LaOBr:Er3+,Tm3+红外跃迁的研究

对在基质LaOBr中分别加入Er3+和Tm3+稀土离子时的红外光谱强度随Er3+和Tm3+离子浓度的变化规律进行了研究.通过对在基质LaOBr中同时加入Er3+和Tm3+稀土离子对它们的发光强度随着浓度的变化呈现不同规律的研究,证实了发生于Er3+和Tm3+稀土离子之间的能量转移是影响Er3+和Tm3+红外发光的重要因素.并且,这种能量转移过程是以共振传递的方式进行的.另外,通过对Er3+的4S3/2能级寿命的测量,给出这种能量转移的直接证据.     

聚酰亚胺粘结MoS2基固体润滑涂层在油介质中的摩擦学性能

为了探讨聚酰亚胺粘结MoS2基固体润滑涂层在油介质中的摩擦学性能及其作用机理,采用MHK-500型摩擦磨损试验机对聚酰亚胺粘结MoS2基固体润滑涂层在4种油介质(RP-3煤油、SG 15W-40机油、0＃柴油和液体石蜡)中的摩擦磨损性能进行了评价,并对其机理进行了初步的探讨.结果表明：与干摩擦相比,涂层在此4种油介质中的摩擦学性能均得到显著提高,其中涂层在柴油介质中的抗磨性能的提高最为突出;同种油介质中,涂层在高速(2.56 m/s)、低载(1 120 N)下的耐磨性明显优于低速(1.54 m/s)、高载(2 120 N)下的耐磨性;在低速(1.54 m/s)、高载(2 120 N)下的煤油介质中,涂层表面的物理状态在摩擦过程中的变化最终导致涂层摩擦系数的起伏和较大的磨损率.     

Vacuum current-carrying tribological behavior of MoS2-Ti films with different conductivities

Current-carrying sliding is widely applied in aerospace equipment, but it is limited by the poor lubricity of the present materials and the unclear tribological mechanism. This study demonstrated the potential of MoS₂-based materials with excellent lubricity as space sliding electrical contact materials by doping Ti to improve its conductivity. The tribological behavior of MoS₂-Ti films under current-carrying sliding in vacuum was studied by establishing a simulation evaluating device. Moreover, the noncurrent-carrying sliding and static current-carrying experiments in vacuum were carried out for comparison to understand the tribological mechanism. In addition to mechanical wear, the current-induced arc erosion and thermal effect take important roles in accelerating the wear. Arc erosion is caused by the accumulation of electric charge, which is related to the conductivity of the film. While the current-thermal effect softens the film, causing strong adhesive wear, and good conductivity and the large contact area are beneficial for minimizing the thermal effect. So the moderate hardness and good conductivity of MoS₂-Ti film contribute to its excellent current-carrying tribological behavior in vacuum, showing a significant advantage compared with the traditional ones.     

高温氧化处理前后Inconel 718高温合金摩擦学性能的探究

为了研究高温氧化处理前后Inconel 718高温合金摩擦学性能的差异,对Inconel 718高温合金在1 000℃大气环境下进行高温热处理,并进行25~800℃宽温域摩擦试验.利用扫描电子显微镜、三维轮廓仪、X射线衍射仪对Inconel 718高温合金的表面形貌、磨痕形貌、物相组成和结构进行分析.Inconel 718高温合金经热处理后物相组成发生了明显变化,晶化程度提高.在表面形成了类网状凸起结构,其组成主要为Cr_2Ti_7O_(17)和Cr_2O_3混合相,这是由于高温热处理使Inconel 718高温合金的Ti和Cr元素沿晶界发生了扩散,至表面后与大气中的氧反应,生成Cr_2Ti_7O_(17)和Cr_2O_3混合相.高温氧化后的Inconel 718高温合金摩擦系数和磨损率与未处理时相比有所降低,磨痕形貌有了明显变化,将这种变化归功于类网状凸起结构的减摩抗磨作用和其组成相中Cr_2Ti_7O_(17)的润滑作用.     

超低温摩擦学研究进展

近年来，随着深空探测、超导和量子计算等技术的发展，越来越多的装备需要在极端低温工况下服役，超低温引起的润滑问题日益显现.目前超低温摩擦学研究相对较少，主要集中在材料摩擦学性能的变化研究方面，对其背后作用机制的研究并不深入.超低温下大多数固体润滑材料的耐磨性能变差，难以满足长时间服役需求；材料的摩擦学行为受环境、制备方法以及材料种类等众多因素影响，摩擦学性能变化趋势和程度有所不同，难以形成统一的认识.本文作者从超低温对材料原子和电子运动抑制作用的本质出发，归纳分析了超低温对润滑材料摩擦学性能的影响机制，从超低温引起力学性能变化、摩擦界面间的化学反应活性变化、相结构及界面结构变化以及电子-声子耦合等微观能量耗散形式等4个方面的影响机制进行了介绍，并对未来超低温摩擦学的发展方向和亟需解决的问题进行了展望.