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101.
The authors introduce a notion of a weak graph map homotopy (they call it
M-homotopy), discuss its properties and applications. They prove that the weak graph
map homotopy equivalence between graphs coincides with the graph homotopy equivalence
defined by Yau et al in 2001. The difference between them is that the weak graph map
homotopy transformation is defined in terms of maps, while the graph homotopy transformation is defined by means of combinatorial operations. They discuss its advantages over
the graph homotopy transformation. As its applications, they investigate the mapping
class group of a graph and the 1-order MP-homotopy group of a pointed simple graph.
Moreover, they show that the 1-order MP-homotopy group of a pointed simple graph is
invariant up to the weak graph map homotopy equivalence. 相似文献
102.
You-Gang Zhang Xia-Xia Liu Jian-Cheng Zong Yang-Teng-Jiao Zhang Rong Dong Na Wang Zhi-Hui Ma Li Li Shang-Long Wang Yan-Ling Mu Song-Song Wang Zi-Min Liu Li-Wen Han 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(13)
Phytotherapy offers obvious advantages in the intervention of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), but it is difficult to clarify the working mechanisms of the medicinal materials it uses. DGS is a natural vasoprotective combination that was screened out in our previous research, yet its potential components and mechanisms are unknown. Therefore, in this study, HPLC-MS and network pharmacology were employed to identify the active components and key signaling pathways of DGS. Transgenic zebrafish and HUVECs cell assays were used to evaluate the effectiveness of DGS. A total of 37 potentially active compounds were identified that interacted with 112 potential targets of CAD. Furthermore, PI3K-Akt, MAPK, relaxin, VEGF, and other signal pathways were determined to be the most promising DGS-mediated pathways. NO kit, ELISA, and Western blot results showed that DGS significantly promoted NO and VEGFA secretion via the upregulation of VEGFR2 expression and the phosphorylation of Akt, Erk1/2, and eNOS to cause angiogenesis and vasodilation. The result of dynamics molecular docking indicated that Salvianolic acid C may be a key active component of DGS in the treatment of CAD. In conclusion, this study has shed light on the network molecular mechanism of DGS for the intervention of CAD using a network pharmacology-driven strategy for the first time to aid in the intervention of CAD. 相似文献
103.
对给定的简单图$H_1,H_2,\ldots,H_c$, 我们将使完全图$K_n$的任意边分解$\{G_i\}^c_{i=1}$都存在至少一个$G_i$有子图同构于$H_i$的最小正整数$n$称为多染色拉姆齐数 $R(H_1,H_2,\ldots,$ $H_c)$. 对正整数$m,n_1,n_2,\ldots,n_c$, 令$\Sigma=\sum_{i=1}^{c}(n_i-1)$. 在文献中,我们已经获得了$R(K_{1,n_1},\ldots,K_{1,n_c},P_m)$ 的一些界和精确值.Wang推测若$\Sigma\not\equiv 0\pmod{m-1}$且$\Sigma+1\ge (m-3)^2$, 则有$R(K_{1,n_1},\ldots, K_{1,n_c}, P_m)=\Sigma+m-1.$ 本文中, 我们给出了一个新的下界并给出$R(K_{1,n_1},\ldots,K_{1,n_c},P_m)$在$m\leq\Sigma$, $\Sigma\equiv k\pmod{m-1}$且$2\leq k \leq m-2$情况下的部分精确值. 这些结果部分证实了Wang的猜想. 相似文献
104.
Chang-Sheng Zhang Ya-Ping Shao Fu-Min Zhang Xue Han Xiao-Ming Zhang Kun Zhang Yong-Qiang Tu 《Chemical science》2022,13(28):8429
A novel classical kinetic resolution of 2-aryl-substituted or 2,3-disubstituted cyclobutanones of Baeyer–Villiger oxidation catalyzed by a Cu(ii)/SPDO complex is reported for the first time, producing normal lactones in excellent enantioselectivities (up to 96% ee) and regioselectivities (up to >20/1), along with unreacted ketones in excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). The current transformation features a wide substrate scope. Moreover, catalytic asymmetric total syntheses of natural eupomatilones 5 and 6 are achieved in nine steps from commercially available 3-methylcyclobutan-1-one.A novel classical kinetic resolution of Baeyer–Villiger oxidation catalyzed by a Cu(ii)/SPDO complex with excellent enantioselectivity, regioselectivity and wide substrate scope is reported for the first time and explore the synthetic application. 相似文献
105.
106.
The rational design of small building block molecules and understanding their molecular assemblies are of fundamental importance in creating new stimuli-responsive organic architectures with desired shapes and functions. Based on the experimental results of light-induced conformational changes of four types of triangular azo dyes with different terminal functional groups, as well as absorption and fluorescence characteristics associated with their molecular assemblies, we report that aggregation-active emission enhancement (AIEE)-active compound (1) substituted with sterically crowded tert-butyl (t-Bu) groups showed approximately 35% light-induced molecular switching and had a strong tendency to assemble into highly stable hexagonal structures with AIEE characteristics. Their sizes were regulated from nanometer-scale hexagonal rods to micrometer-scale sticks depending on the concentration. This is in contrast to other triangular compounds with bromo (Br) and triphenylamine (TPA) substituents, which exhibited no photoisomerization and tended to form flexible fibrous structures. Moreover, non-contact exposure of the fluorescent hexagonal nanorods to ultraviolet (UV) light led to a dramatic hexagonal-to-amorphous structure transition. The resulting remarkable variations, such as in the contrast of microscopic images and fluorescence characteristics, were confirmed by various microscopic and spectroscopic measurements. 相似文献
107.
Seulah Lee Man Hyung Koo Dong-Won Han Il-Chan Kim Jun Hyuck Lee Jeong-Hoon Kim Razia Sultana Sun Yeou Kim Ui Joung Youn Jin-Hyoung Kim 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(14)
Total fatty-acid (FA) contents of different organs (stomach, liver, brain, and skin) of two Antarctic fish, marbled rockcod (Notothenia rossii) and mackerel icefish (Champsocephalus gunnari), were examined using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). N. rossii possessed higher contents of total omega-3, where eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the most represented omega-3 FAs, were distributed throughout all parts of the fish. The highest level of EPA was observed in the skin and that of DHA was observed in the brain of N. rossii. C. gunnari showed organ peculiarity in that most of the omega-3 FAs were found in stomach and skin. Specifically, the highest levels of EPA and DHA were both observed in the stomach. Although N. rossii and C. gunnari both inhabit the Antarctic Southern Oceans, their characteristics in terms of the composition of fatty acids were shown to vary. The extracts were also evaluated for matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1)-inhibitory activities in UVB-induced human dermal fibroblasts, where extracts of the skin and liver of N. rossii showed the most significant inhibition upon MMP-1 production. These findings provide experimental evidence that the extracts of the Antarctic fish could be utilized as bioactive nutrients, particularly in the enhancement of skin health. 相似文献
108.
Yue Sun Aidong Xu Kai Wang Xiufang Zhou Haifeng Guo Xiaojia Han 《Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,24(7)
One of the biggest challenges for the fault diagnosis research of industrial robots is that the normal data is far more than the fault data; that is, the data is imbalanced. The traditional diagnosis approaches of industrial robots are more biased toward the majority categories, which makes the diagnosis accuracy of the minority categories decrease. To solve the imbalanced problem, the traditional algorithm is improved by using cost-sensitive learning, single-class learning and other approaches. However, these algorithms also have a series of problems. For instance, it is difficult to estimate the true misclassification cost, overfitting, and long computation time. Therefore, a fault diagnosis approach for industrial robots, based on the Multiclass Mahalanobis-Taguchi system (MMTS), is proposed in this article. It can be classified the categories by measuring the deviation degree from the sample to the reference space, which is more suitable for classifying imbalanced data. The accuracy, G-mean and F-measure are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach on an industrial robot platform. The experimental results show that the proposed approach’s accuracy, F-measure and G-mean improves by an average of 20.74%, 12.85% and 21.68%, compared with the other five traditional approaches when the imbalance ratio is 9. With the increase in the imbalance ratio, the proposed approach has better stability than the traditional algorithms. 相似文献
109.
在碱性介质中,Mn(Ⅱ)对催化KIO4氧化镁试剂Ⅰ(对硝基苯偶氮间苯二酚)的褪色反应有显著作用。据此建立了测定痕量Mn(Ⅱ)的流动注射停流-催化光度法。优化了流动注射条件,Mn(Ⅱ)在2~10μg/L,10~160μg/L,160~1000μg/L范围内符合比尔定律,采样频率6样/h,检出限0.12μg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)4.9%(n=6)。用于环境水样中Mn(Ⅱ)的检测,回收率为95.5%~102%。 相似文献
110.