矿物药蒙脱石散EDS指纹图谱双指标等级序列个性化模式识别分析及快速质量评价

矿物药中的多种金属和非金属元素及其含量决定了其功效。目前亟待建立普遍适用的、非化学分析的、以元素种类及其含量信息为基础的多种矿物药快速鉴别及定量质量评价方法。EDS元素指纹图谱可以快速测定各类矿物药的元素种类及含量。双指标等级序列个性化模式识别法则通过比较计算任意两个样品的共有(量)指标率及变异(量)指标率,建立以各个样品为参考的个性化双指标序列,然后再计算每个序列中所有样品的平均共有指标率及其标准偏差S,构造相似尺度函数P≥+xS。确定适合于所有样品最优分类的x和每个样品的个性化的显著相似样品特征序列,将其作为分类标准实现最佳分类。该法不仅适用于仅有共有峰,同时也适用于既存共有峰又有变异峰的指纹图谱的量化分析。测定了七种不同公司生产的蒙脱石散的EDS指纹图谱,计算了不同样品指纹图谱之间峰面积(或主要活性元素Fe,Al,Ca,Mg,Si的含量)的双指标率,当相似尺度x=0.5,可对七种蒙脱石散产品进行高分辨鉴别及准确质量评价。该法为矿物药的快速高分辨鉴别及定量质量评价提供了一种新途径。     

硝基纤维素膜离子选择性电极的制备及高氯酸根的测定

本文以一种季胺盐为活性物质,硝基纤维素为支持材料制作高氯酸根离子选择性电极.在1.0×10-6～1.0×10-1 mol·L-1 NaClO4/1.0×l0-2 mol·L-1 Na2SO4溶液中,电极具有良好的线性范围,斜率为56.6 mV,线性相关系数为0.9985,检测限可达3.8×l0-7 mol·L-1.在检测范围内,电极表现出良好的稳定性和重现性,对相关阴离子的干扰具有很好的选择性,且制备方法简单、成本低廉.     

响应面法优化巴旦木壳对废水中Pb、Cu和Cd的吸附及同时测定

研究废弃巴旦木壳对模拟废水中Pb、Cu和Cd的去除率。在单因素实验的基础上,采用响应面法对吸附剂投加量、吸附时间和pH值3因素进行优化。实验结果表明,Pb、Cu和Cd分别在最佳吸附吸附剂投加量0.4 g,吸附时间49.38 min,pH值为9.96;吸附剂投加量0.4 g,吸附时间49.91 min,pH值为10.13;吸附剂投加量0.4 g、吸附时间49.83 min、pH值为10.42的条件下,去除率分别为87.42%、73.49%和85.11%。采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)对Pb、Cu和Cd模拟混合试样吸附后的溶液测定的曲线进行拟合回归,计算得出吸附剂对Pb、Cu和Cd的去除率分别为83.2%、66.0%和83.3%。用PLS对吸附后的模拟废水样品进行计算分析,并间接得出巴旦木壳对Pb、Cd和Cu的去除率和建立Pb、Cd、Cu三组分同时测定的多元校正分析方法。     

Bioassay Guided Isolation and Identification of a Cytotoxic Compound from Azadirachta indica Leaves

This study aimed to investigate the structural features of the isolated flavonol glycoside, which might behave as a cytotoxic compound. The hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions of an 80% methanol solution of Neem (Azadirachta indica) (Family: Meliaceae) leaves were subjected to a cytotoxicity bioassay against brine shrimp, Artemia salina. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest cytotoxic effect, supported by the lowest lethal concentration, a LC₅₀ value of 1.35±0.40 ppm. A compound, Quercetin 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, was isolated from the most toxic fraction of the ethyl acetate via preparative liquid chromatography and then identified via ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis), infrared (IR), mass spectrum (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. The compound was further confirmed by physical state, color, solubility, and melting point determination. The cytotoxic results suggest that the leaf ethyl acetate fraction consists of toxic compounds, which point towards the isolation of Quercetin 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside.     

药桑叶中黄酮类物质的薄层色谱鉴别和活性筛选及含量测定的研究

建立药桑叶中黄酮类物质的薄层鉴别及HPLC法测定其含量的方法,并对黄酮类物质进行抗氧化活性筛选。甲醇为溶剂超声提取桑叶中的黄酮类物质,以乙酸乙酯:水:甲酸:甲苯(17∶2∶2∶0.8)为展开剂于高效硅胶G板上展开,Al Cl3为显色剂,365 nm下检视。以二苯代苦味肼自由基(DPPH)溶剂显色,筛选抗氧化活性。采用PMC pack ODS色谱柱,以乙腈-0.01 mol·L-1醋酸铵溶液(p H=4.8)为流动相,梯度洗脱,检测波长350 nm,流速1.0 m L·min-1。桑叶中的芦丁、异槲皮苷及紫云英苷在紫外灯下出现明显斑点,薄层-生物自显影实验发现芦丁和异槲皮苷在紫色背景下呈淡黄色斑点,证明二者具有抗氧化活性。3种成分在35 min内均达到完全分离,芦丁、异槲皮苷和紫云英苷的平均回收率及含量分别为95.6%(0.85~1.14 mg·g-1)、97.4%(0.66~0.85mg·g-1)及96.2%(0.09~0.29mg·g-1)(RSD3%)。结论:本法操作简便,准确可靠,可用于药桑叶中黄酮类物质的薄层色谱鉴别及含量测定。     

Profiling of Antifungal Activities and In Silico Studies of Natural Polyphenols from Some Plants

A worldwide increase in the incidence of fungal infections, emergence of new fungal strains, and antifungal resistance to commercially available antibiotics indicate the need to investigate new treatment options for fungal diseases. Therefore, the interest in exploring the antifungal activity of medicinal plants has now been increased to discover phyto-therapeutics in replacement to conventional antifungal drugs. The study was conducted to explore and identify the mechanism of action of antifungal agents of edible plants, including Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cinnamomum tamala, Amomum subulatum, Trigonella foenumgraecum, Mentha piperita, Coriandrum sativum, Lactuca sativa, and Brassica oleraceae var. italica. The antifungal potential was assessed via the disc diffusion method and, subsequently, the extracts were assessed for phytochemicals and total antioxidant activity. Potent polyphenols were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and antifungal mechanism of action was evaluated in silico. Cinnamomum zeylanicum exhibited antifungal activity against all the tested strains while all plant extracts showed antifungal activity against Fusarium solani. Rutin, kaempferol, and quercetin were identified as common polyphenols. In silico studies showed that rutin displayed the greatest affinity with binding pocket of fungal 14-alpha demethylase and nucleoside diphosphokinase with the binding affinity (K_d, −9.4 and −8.9, respectively), as compared to terbinafine. Results indicated that Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Cinnamomum tamala exert their antifungal effect possibly due to kaempferol and rutin, respectively, or possibly by inhibition of nucleoside diphosphokinase (NDK) and 14-alpha demethylase (CYP51), while Amomum subulatum and Trigonella foenum graecum might exhibit antifungal potential due to quercetin. Overall, the study demonstrates that plant-derived products have a high potential to control fungal infections.     

查尔酮类化合物异甘草素的催化合成

以2,4-二羟基苯乙酮和对羟基苯甲醛为原料,分别在3种催化条件(A: SOCl₂/EtOH, B: KF/Al₂O₃配合超声,C: KOH/Al₂O₃配合微波固相反应)下合成了查尔酮类化合物异甘草素（3）,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和MS(ESI)确证。研究了3种催化条件下反应时间(A~C)和功率(B, C)对3产率的影响。结果表明:C为合成3的最优催化方法(于150 W反应0.03 h,产率93.5%)。     

Local nonlinear dynamics of MEMS arches actuated by fringing-field electrostatic actuation

Nonlinear Dynamics - The nonlinear dynamic behavior of a resonant MEMS arch microbeam actuated by fringing electric actuation is investigated in this paper. The arch microbeam is loaded with DC and...     

Er^3+,Cr^3+共掺杂BaAl2Si2O8荧光粉的发光性质及能量传递

利用高温固相法合成BaAl2Si2O8:Cr^3+,Er^3+系列荧光粉,研究了Cr^3+和Er^3+掺杂对BaAl2Si2O8材料发光特性的影响.BaAl2Si2O8:Er^3+荧光样品在393 nm激发波长下只呈现出峰值为550 nm的绿色荧光,来源于2H11/2→4I15/2和4S3/2→4I15/2跃迁的叠加.BaAl2Si2O8:Cr^3+荧光样品在550 nm激发波长下呈现峰值为694 nm的红色荧光,来源于2E→4A2的跃迁.在共掺杂样品BaAl2Si2O8:Cr^3+,Er^3+中,用Cr^3+激发峰的凹槽处380 nm作为激发光,得到的发射峰不仅有Er^3+的发射峰位,还有Cr^3+的发射峰位,说明两个离子之间可能存在辐射能量传递;对共掺杂BaAl2Si2O8:1%Cr^3+,x%Er^3+样品的荧光光谱进行测试,随着x的增加,Cr^3+的激发和发射光谱强度均有所增加,并且当x=0.5时,光谱强度是原来的4倍.另外,当固定Cr^3+的浓度时,随着Er^3+的浓度增加,Cr^3+的荧光寿命逐渐增加;当固定Er^3+的浓度时,随着Cr^3+的浓度增加,Er^3+的荧光寿命逐渐减小.这些现象表明了Er^3+和Cr^3+之间存在共振能量传递,通过理论计算得到Er^3+和Cr^3+之间的能量临界距离为4.5 nm,属于电偶极-电偶极相互作用.     

界面聚合法合成聚邻苯二胺及其表征

邻苯二胺电聚合膜己广泛用于生物活性物质固定、电催化、腐蚀防护和电色材料研究,近期也用于制备分子印迹型化学/生物传感器[1,2]。人们已经研究了聚邻苯二胺的结构特性、性能及应用前景[3,4,5]。目前聚合物基纳米复合材料的制备方法主要有:分子自组装法、微乳液聚合法、电化学