分子体系的热运动基本方程

宏观热现象是由宏观物体中大量微观粒子(原子、分子…等)相互作用产生的无规则混乱运动引起的.分子体系的温度愈高、体积愈大,它的混乱运动程度就愈大,我们引入一个物理量S来表征这种运动的混乱度. 我们可以看出,混乱度S是温度T和体积V的函数S(T,V),或为能量E和体积V的函数S(E,V).我们在本文中证明,在缓慢的可逆热运动过度中,通过作微观的功和宏观功的方法,给体系一无穷小的能量dE,使其混乱度与体积的变化分别为dS与dV,则三者有如下关系:dE=TdS-pdV.这就是在可逆过程中的热运动基本方程,也就是传统热力学中所称的热力学基本方程.     

严格端点与多面体形赋范空间

本文研究了凸α-体的切锥,切流形及切空间与凸α-体的Minkowski泛函的次微分之间的关系.对于凸α-体的每个代数边界点,存在一个拟直和分解使按代数意义该边界点既是一个子空间的光滑点又是拟余子空间的严格端点.所获一般结论可有效地用于多面体形赋范空间理论.     

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Luminescence of [Ag(PPh3)2(H2TMT)]

The silver complex Ag(PPh₃)₂(H₂TMT) ( 1 )(H₃TMT = 2,4,6‐trimercapto‐1,3,5‐triazine) has been synthesized and characterized. The ligand trimercaptotriazine exhibits a novel coordination mode and the complex shows a special hydrogen bonding linkage in the crystal packing. The colorless crystals of 1 exhibit broad emission in the visible region at room temperature. TDDFT calculation indicated that the π–π attraction is crucial for fluorescence of the title complex.     

压力膨化处理对正极性聚丙烯蜂窝膜的驻极体性质的影响

压力膨化处理工艺能够显著改善聚丙烯蜂窝薄膜（cellular polypropylene） 驻极体的压 电活性.通过热脉冲技术、表面电位衰减测量及TSD 电流谱分析等研究了经恒压正电晕充电 的聚丙烯蜂窝膜的陷阱能级分布特征，讨论了压力膨化处理工艺对这类蜂窝膜驻极体电荷稳 定性及电荷输运特性的影响.结果说明，PP 蜂窝膜内存在着位于中能级区的能值各异的三种 分立陷阱，深能值陷阱和浅能值陷阱的大多数位于孔洞膜近表面的体层或体内，而中等能值 陷阱则主要位于自由面附近.压力膨化处理改变了PP 蜂窝膜的能阱状态并在一定程度上降低 了这类孔洞膜驻极体的电荷储存稳定性，但没有明显影响其由慢再俘获效应占主导地位的脱 阱电荷输运特性. 关键词： 压力膨化处理 聚丙烯蜂窝膜 驻极体 电荷储存与陷阱分布 电荷输运     

Solvent-free Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Thermal Stability of Ionic Liquid 1-Hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium Bromide

Ionic liquid 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide [C16mim]Br was synthesized by solvent-free alkylation of N-methylimidzole with hexadecyl bromide. A large transparent single crystal of 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide monohydrate （[C16mim]Br·H2O）, 4 mm in length, was firstly obtained in the water-trichloromethane-toluene growth system （Vwater＇Vtrichloromethane＇Vtoluene = 0.1：1：2）. The crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. It crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1, with a = 5.4962（15）, b = 7.839（2）, c = 27.279（8） A, α = 94.375, β = 91.500, γ = 101.999°, Z = 2, V = 1145.2（5） A3, C20H41BrN2O, Mr = 405.46, Dc = 1.176 Mg/m3, μ = 1.804 mm^-1, F（000） = 436, the final R = 0.0523 and wR = 0.1345. The 3D supramolecular structure is constructed through weak interactions between imidazolium cations, Br- anions and lattice water molecules. The long alkyl chain to the imidazolium ring and lattice water molecules play an important role in the self-assembly process. Moreover, it is proposed that [C16mim]Br in water has aggregation behavior and the possible self-assembled structure is the interdigitated pattern. Finally, thermal stability of [C16mim][Br]·H2O was also studied by DSC and TGA analysis.     

Synthesis and properties of ZnO nanofibers prepared by electrospinning

ZnO nanofibers were prepared from zinc acetate/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) by electrospun method. The morphological features, crystallinity, mechanical and optical properties of the ZnO nanofibers were studied. The results show the specific surface area of the ZnO nanofibers was influenced by the electrospun conditions. The specific surface area reached 389.7 m²g⁻¹ as the average diameter was 232 nm. The XRD date reveals the nanofibers consist of a single phase of well-crystallized ZnO with hexagonal structure. The elastic modulus of a single ZnO nanofiber was also characterized by nano-scale three-point bending test.     

Generation of Multi-ion Graph States with Trapped Ions in Thermal Motion

We propose a scheme for generating multi-ion graph states using many trapped ions in thermal motion. Our generation scheme is insensitive to external state since the interaction between ions and laser fields does not involve the external degree of freedom. The scheme can be well realized within the current experimental technique.     

二类广义Vandermonde行列式的计算

给出了二类广义Vandermonde行列式计算的显式表示式.     

Effect of preparation methods on Pt/alumina catalysts for the hydrogen iodide catalytic decomposition

Three kinds of Pt/alumina catalysts were prepared by impregnation-hydrogen reduction,impregnation-hydrazine reduction and electroless plating methods.Their differences in the structures,specific areas and particle sizes were characterized by XRD,BET and TEM,respectively.Furthermore,their catalytic activities for the hydrogen iodide(HI)decomposition were evaluated in a fixed bed reactor.The results show that the catalyst 5%Pt/Al_2O_3 prepared by the electroless plating has the optimum catalytic properties...     

Noise in a Small Genetic Circuit that Undergoes Bifurcation

Based on the consideration of Boolean dynamics, it has been hypothesized that cell types may correspond to alternative attractors of a gene regulatory network. Recent stochastic Boolean network analysis, however, raised the important question concerning the stability of such attractors. In this paper a detailed numerical analysis is performed within the framework of Langevin dynamics. While the present results confirm that the noise is indeed an important dynamical element, the cell type as represented by attractors can still be a viable hypothesis. It is found that the stability of an attractor depends on the strength of noise related to the distance of the system to the bifurcation point and it can be exponentially stable depending on biological parameters.