DRESOR法求解超短脉冲在一维非均匀介质中的瞬态辐射传输

本文中DRESOR法(Distributions of Ratios of Energy Scattered Or Reflected)应用于求解一维非均匀介质内的瞬态辐射传输问题.结果表明,反射热流的双峰分布现象能够体现介质内部的非均匀分布特征,并且能够通过分析其特点推断非均匀介质的中间界面位置.通过DRSESOR法计算得到的高方向分辨率的辐射强度体现了其在决定非均匀介质表面位置的独特优势.最后,对双峰分布现象的存在条件进行了探讨.     

焦炭和甲醇/动力多联产系统集成与特性

本文提出了一个新型的焦炭和甲醇/动力多联产系统,新系统在焦炉子系统中采用煤炭燃烧替代焦炉煤气燃烧;在合成气制备过程采用焦炉煤气与气化煤气共制合成气,取消了重整反应和变换反应;在合成单元中采用了部分未反应气再循环方式.新型联产系统具有较高的热力性能,系统节能率高达22%.对新系统的(火用)分析结果表明:采用煤炭燃烧替代焦炉煤气燃烧,取消重整单元,以及合成煤气与焦炉煤气共制合成气是系统性能提升的关键所在.总之,新系统进一步拓展了煤基多联产,将为洁净煤技术指引一个新的方向.     

回转圆筒内颗粒流速度场的实验研究

基于适用于稠相的粒子图像测速技术对二维回转圆筒内颗粒的流动模式和时均速度分布进行了研究.不同工况下料床的径向对称线、30%径向线和70%径向线上颗粒横向速度分量的分布具有相似性,该速度分布可由柱塞流区的指数型方程和活性层的切变流动方程相结合的形式来准确描述.低速下表面线上速度横向分布是对称的且峰值在中线处,随转速提高峰值逐渐向料床下部移动.表面层内颗粒温度的值远高于柱塞流区内的,其最大值存在于表面层底部颗粒剧烈碰撞的区域.     

自呼吸式DMFC电堆构建与电池性能研究

本文报道了一种能驱动风扇工作的自呼吸式DMFC小型电堆,电堆主要南燃料储罐、膜电极(MEA)、集流体等组成.文中针对影响该电池性能的主要参数,如电堆的活化过程、甲醇浓度等因素进行了研究.同时,本文还对电堆的恒电流放电时的电流曲线特点以及阴极水的生成规律进行了初步考察和探讨.     

提高气冷涡轮气热耦合计算精度的措施

温度场计算的准确性对气冷涡轮的设计影响极大.实际的气冷涡轮在运行状态下,存在多种物理现象:冷气带来的燃气组分变化、湍流、转捩、温度边界层的发展变化、热辐射等.而在数值计算中,计算结果也要受到网格质量的影响.采用自编程序、商业CFD软件对某两级气冷涡轮、C3X以及MARK Ⅱ叶片进行计算,分别描述冷气组分变化、计算网格、湍流模型以及转捩温度场模拟精度的影响;同时定性分析温度边界层复合性质与辐射换热对温度计算的影响.得出在气热耦合计算中,考虑上述因素的影响是很有必要的.     

Mechanism Study on Nanoparticle Negative Surface Charge Modification by Ascorbyl Palmitate and Its Improvement of Tumor Targeting Ability

Surface charge polarity and density influence the immune clearance and cellular uptake of intravenously administered lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), thus determining the efficiency of their delivery to the target. Here, we modified the surface charge with ascorbyl palmitate (AsP) used as a negatively charged lipid. AsP-PC-LNPs were prepared by dispersion and ultrasonication of AsP and phosphatidylcholine (PC) composite films at various ratios. AsP inserted into the PC film with its polar head outward. The pK_a for AsP was 4.34, and its ion form conferred the LNPs with negative surface charge. Zeta potentials were correlated with the amount and distribution of AsP on the LNPs surface. DSC, Raman and FTIR spectra, and molecular dynamics simulations disclosed that AsP distributed homogeneously in PC at 1–8% (w/w), and there were strong hydrogen bonds between the polar heads of AsP and PC (PO²⁻), which favored LNPs’ stability. But at AsP:PC > 8% (w/w), the excessive AsP changed the interaction modes between AsP and PC. The AsP–PC composite films became inhomogeneous, and their phase transition behaviors and Raman and FTIR spectra were altered. Our results clarified the mechanism of surface charge modification by AsP and provided a rational use of AsP as a charged lipid to modify LNP surface properties in targeted drug delivery systems. Furthermore, AsP–PC composites were used as phospholipid-based biological membranes to prepare paclitaxel-loaded LNPs, which had stable surface negative charge, better tumor targeting and tumor inhibitory effects.     

荧光光谱法研究左西孟旦与牛血清白蛋白的结合反应

用荧光光谱法、分光光度法研究了水溶液中左西孟旦与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互结合反应。研究表明:左西孟旦对BSA的内源荧光有较强的猝灭作用且该猝灭作用属于静态荧光猝灭作用。得出了反应的结合常数(KA=1.48×106L/mol)和结合位点数(n=1.14)。根据Frster非辐射能量转移机理,求算了给体(BSA)与受体(左西孟旦)间距离r=2.9 nm和能量转移效率E=0.33。     

基于光谱-空间特征的黄茶多酚含量估算模型

茶多酚是黄茶中的重要成分之一,具有保健和药用功效.准确估测茶多酚含量对茶叶品质鉴定和定量分析具有重要的意义.学者们已经利用电子鼻、电子舌、高光谱和近红外技术开展了茶多酚的估测研究,取得了良好的效果.然而,由于缺乏空间特征,难以满足黄茶内外品质综合判断的要求.随着高光谱成像系统的发展,尽管基于灰度共生矩阵的茶叶成分估测已...     

Compositions and Biological Activities of Pomegranate Peel Polyphenols Extracted by Different Solvents

Pomegranate peel extract (PPE), which is abundant in polyphenols, holds immerse prospects for the treatment of airway infection. In this study, water and ethanol of 30%, 50%, and 80% were used to prepare PPE. A total of 18 phenols belonging to 8 categories of polyphenols were identified in PPE by HPLC-MS/MS. The PPE from the four extraction solvents possessed different antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Principal component analysis revealed that though total flavonoids (TFs), total polyphenols (TPs), and total tannins (TTs) were responsible for the reducing power of PPE, only TFs contributed to the effect of PPE in inhibiting lipid membrane peroxidation. TPs, TTs, and punicalagin were positively correlated with the antibacterial strength against S. aureus while TTs alone contributed to the inhibition of methicillin-resistant S. aureus, implying the crucial role of TT in suppressing bacteria. Meanwhile, TTs was associated with the prevention of IL-6 release. The PPE with higher contents of TPs, TTs, and punicalagin had a weaker capacity to decrease nitric oxide secretion. PPE of 30% ethanol gained the highest integrated score due to its stronger antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities. It is a suitable candidate for the therapy of respiratory tract infection.     

新型吡唑基咔唑衍生物的合成及其光学性质

以咔唑为原料,合成了一种新型的咔唑衍生物--9-丁基-3,6-二[3'-(5'-三氟甲基)吡唑基]咔唑(4),其结构经1H NMR,IR和MS表征.运用UV和单光子荧光光谱研究了中间体和4的光学性质,结果表明:4有望成为具有应用价值的发光材料.