Evaluation of ADC measurements among solid pancreatic masses by respiratory-triggered diffusion-weighted MR imaging with inversion-recovery fat-suppression technique at 3.0 T

Purpose

The objective of this paper was to investigate the value of apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) for differential diagnosis among solid pancreatic masses using respiratory triggered diffusion-weighted MR imaging with inversion-recovery fat-suppression technique (RT-IR-DWI) at 3.0 T.

Materials and Methods

20 normal volunteers and 72 patients (Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [PDCA, n = 30], mass-forming pancreatitis [MFP, n = 15], solid pseudopapillary neoplasm [SPN, n = 12], and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor[PNET, n = 15]) underwent RT-IR-DWI (b values: 0 and 600 s/mm²) at 3.0 T. Results were correlated with histopathologic data and follow-up imaging. ADC values among different types of pancreatic tissue were statistically analyzed and compared.

Results

Statistical difference was noticed in ADC values among normal pancreas, MFP, PDCA, SPN and PNET by ANOVA (p < .001). Normal pancreas had the highest ADC value, then followed by PNET, PDCA, MFP and SPN. There was noticeable statistical difference in ADC values among PDCA, MFP and normal pancreas by Least Significant Difference (LSD) (p < .001). ADC of SPN was statistically lower than that of PNET (p = 0.1800 × 10^− 4), PDCA (p = 0.0300 × 10^− 4) and normal pancreas (p = 0.0007 × 10^− 4). ADC of PNET was statistically lower than that of normal pancreas (p = 0.0360) and higher than that of MFP (p = 9.3000 × 10^− 4).

Conclusions

ADC measurements using RT-IR-DWI at 3.0 T may aid to disclose the histopathological pattern of normal pancreas and solid pancreatic masses, which may be helpful in characterizing solid pancreatic lesions.     

Rapid sea-level change in the Late Guadalupian (Permian) on the Tethyan side of South China: litho- and biostratigraphy of the Chaotian section in Sichuan

The Capitanian (Late Guadalupian) Maokou Formation at Chaotian in northern Sichuan, South China, is composed mainly of shallow marine shelf carbonates deposited on the Tethyan side of South China. By detailed field mapping and scientific drilling, we newly found out unique fossil assemblages and a sharp lithologic change in the upper part of the Maokou Formation. The main part of the Maokou Formation (over 130 m thick) is composed of algal packstone with Wordian-Capitanian large-tested fusulines, rugose corals and other sessile benthos, whereas the Uppermost Member (13 m thick) is composed of black limy mudstone/chert with Capitanian offshore biota (ammonoids, radiolarians, and conodonts). The topmost Capitanian conodont zones are missing; however, the Maokou Formation is disconformably overlain by 260+/-4 Ma volcanic ash (Wangpo bed) and the Early Lopingian Wujiaping Formation with plant-bearing coaly mudstone and shallow marine carbonates (packstone). The newly identified facies change indicates that northern Sichuan has experienced rapid sea-level changes in the late Guadalupian, i.e., first a transgression in the mid-Capitanian and then a regression across the Guadalupian-Lopingian boundary. As the end-Guadalupian is characterized by a global regression, such a volatile sea-level fluctuation, in particular the sea-level rise, is unique to the Tethyan side of South China. The newly recognized relatively deep-water late Guadalupian sequence adds new paleo-environmental information and further provides a paleotectonic interpretation of the low-latitude eastern Tethyan margin immediately before the end-Guadalupian mass extinction.     

Transmission phase of a quantum dot with Kondo correlation near the unitary limit

The complex transmission amplitude of a quantum dot (QD) with Kondo correlation was measured near the unitary limit. The transmission phase was observed to evolve almost linearly over a range of about 1.5 pi when the Fermi energy was scanned through a spin degenerate energy level of the QD. Surprisingly, the phase in the Coulomb Blockade regime, with one more electron entering the dot, was strongly affected by a preexistence of Kondo correlation. These results suggest that a full explanation of the Kondo effect may go beyond the framework of the Anderson model.     

Quantum state and process tomography via adaptive measurements

We investigate quantum state tomography(QST) for pure states and quantum process tomography(QPT) for unitary channels via adaptive measurements. For a quantum system with a d-dimensional Hilbert space, we first propose an adaptive protocol where only 2d. 1 measurement outcomes are used to accomplish the QST for all pure states. This idea is then extended to study QPT for unitary channels, where an adaptive unitary process tomography(AUPT) protocol of d2+d.1measurement outcomes is constructed for any unitary channel. We experimentally implement the AUPT protocol in a 2-qubit nuclear magnetic resonance system. We examine the performance of the AUPT protocol when applied to Hadamard gate, T gate(/8 phase gate), and controlled-NOT gate,respectively, as these gates form the universal gate set for quantum information processing purpose. As a comparison, standard QPT is also implemented for each gate. Our experimental results show that the AUPT protocol that reconstructing unitary channels via adaptive measurements significantly reduce the number of experiments required by standard QPT without considerable loss of fidelity.     

废旧磷酸亚铁锂电池的回收技术

在总结废旧钴酸锂电池回收技术的基础上提出了废旧磷酸亚铁锂电池的回收工艺流程。在正极回收料中加入Li2CO3,Fe(NO3)3.9H2O和NH4H2PO4调整回收料中Li/Fe/P的摩尔比为1.05:1:1,在700℃、Fe/C=1/1.5、N2保护下反应10h生成磷酸亚铁锂,并实现了以金属的形式回收了电池中的大部分铜、铝等金属,整个流程没有使用强酸溶液,少量使用强碱溶液,是一种高效环保的废旧电池回收工艺。     

35MeV/u 40 Ar+197 Au反应中热核的碎裂密度

许多提取核反应过程中熵产生的方法只适用于高能核反应过程 ,而约化d的产额方法可以用于较低能量的重离子核反应中 .对于 3 5MeV/u40 Ar+ 197Au的核反应过程 ,利用这种方法所得的熵和约化带电粒子多重性提取的熵结果一致 .对于后角热核发射体系 ,实验提取的核温度为 ( 4.7± 1 .2 )MeV ,熵为S/A =2 .5± 0 .5,根据实验提取的熵和核温度可以确定其碎裂密度小于 0 .1 ρ0     

On the efficiency of small-angle Čerenkov second harmonic generation in optical waveguides

It is well known that in the non-depleted pump approximation, the efficiency of a second harmonic generation (SHG) of a guided mode in a non-linear optical waveguide increases quadratically with the interaction length (P ₂ L ²), and linearly (P ₂ L) in the erenkov regime. The efficiency of the erenkov SHG in the waveguide with a non-linear substrate and linear guiding layer is known to be strongly peaked at a particular pump wavelength and a particular waveguide thickness, with the erenkov angle approaching zero. The known theory predicts an infinite efficiency value at the peak, however. In this contribution, a simple integral expression for the SHG efficiency in the erenkov regime is derived. For large erenkov angles and interaction lengths it yields the expected P ₂ L dependence, while in the limit of small erenkov angles the dependence is found to have the form of P L ^3/2, possessing also a finite value at the efficiency peak. The condition determining the accurate position of the efficiency peak in the waveguide thickness–pump wavelength plane is given, too.     

Systematically investigating the polarization gradient cooling in an optical molasses of ultracold cesium atoms

We systematically investigate the polarization gradient cooling （PGC） process in an optical molasses of ultracold cesium atoms. The SR mode for changing the cooling laser, which means that the cooling laser frequency is stepped to the setting value while its intensity is ramped, is found to be the best for the PGC, compared with other modes studied. We verify that the heating effect of the cold atoms, which appears when the cooling laser intensity is lower than the saturation intensity, arises from insufficient polarization gradient cooling. Finally, an exponential decay function with a statistical explanation is introduced to explain the dependence of the cold atom temperature on the PGC interaction time.     

ZnSe相变、电子结构的第一性原理计算

基于第一性原理平面波赝势(PWP)和广义梯度近似(GGA)方法,对闪锌矿结构(ZB)和岩盐结构(RS)的ZnSe在0—20GPa高压下的几何结构、态密度、能带结构进行了计算研究,分析了闪锌矿结构ZnSe和岩盐结构ZnSe的几何结构.在此基础上,研究了ZnSe的结构相变、弹性常数、成键情况以及相变压强下电子结构的变化机理.结果发现:通过焓相等原理得到的ZB相到RS相的相变压强为15.3GPa,而由弹性常数判据得到的相变压强为11.52GPa,但在9.5GPa左右并没有发现简单立方相的出现;在结构相变过程中,sp3轨道杂化现象并未消除,Zn原子的4s电子在RS相ZnSe的导电性中起主要贡献.     

Operating a geometric quantum gate by external controllable parameters

A scheme to perfectly preserve an initial qubit state in geometric quantum computation is proposed for a single-qubit geometric quantum gate in a nuclear magnetic resonance system. At first, by adjusting some magnetic field parameters, one can let the dynamic phase be proportional to the geometric phase. Then, by controlling the azimuthal angle in the initial state, we may realize a geometric quantum gate whose fidelity is equal to one under cyclic evolution. This means that the quantum information is no distortion in the process of geometric quantum computation.