低温丁苯橡膠的分子量分佈

由於性能上的優點,生產量最大的丁苯橡膠,近年來已逐漸趨向於使用低溫聚合產物。高聚物的性質与高分子的分子量、分子量分佈以及化學結構有着密切關係,高溫聚合的丁苯橡膠分子量分佈測定的結果,從粘度數據推斷,約有25％的丁苯橡膠分子有顯著的支化或交聯。本工作對一個低轉化率(16％,試樣Ⅲ)和一個較高轉化率(66％,試樣Ⅰ)的低溫(5°)乳液聚合的丁苯橡膠,用分級沉澱和粘度法測定了它們的分子量分佈。     

Synthesis of cryptophycins via an N-acyl-beta-lactam macrolactonization

An efficient and concise approach to the synthesis of the macrolide core of the cryptophycins has been developed. A novel macrolactonization utilizing a reactive acyl-beta-lactam intermediate incorporates the beta-amino acid moiety within the 16-membered macrolide core. This modular approach, involving a cyanide-initiated acyl-beta-lactam ring opening followed by cyclization, was successfully applied to the total synthesis of cryptophycin-24. The strategy was also used in an efficient synthesis of the 6,6-dimethyl-substituted dechlorocryptophycin-52. In this case, the cyanide-initiated ring opening of the bis-substituted 2-azetidinone followed by macrolactonization was achieved through a catalytic process.     

巯基棉分离富集-溴化十六烷基吡啶水杨基萤光酮吸光光度法测定微量镉

本文以水杨基萤光酮为显色剂,研究了镉在溴化十六烷基吡啶存在下的高灵敏度显色反应,其ε值高达2.47×10~5,仅次于目前测镉最灵敏的卟啉法。而此法尚未见报道。为了有效提高体系的选择性,本文提出了用巯基棉两次分离富集镉的方法,成功地使镉同时与多种金属干扰离子分离,特别是能消除与Cd~(2+)难以分离的Zn~(2+)、Pb~(2+)的干扰。方法回收率和对镉废水的测定结果均较为满意。 (一)仪器和主要试剂 721型分光光度计;UV-240型分光光度计。     

Spectroscopic investigation of the adsorption and oxidation of thiourea on polycrystalline Au and Au(111) in acidic media

In the present paper, a systematic electrochemical investigation on thiourea (TU) electrooxidation was developed on polycrystalline and (111) single-crystal gold electrodes in 0.1 M perchloric acid. The combination of cyclic voltammetry with in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS) and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry techniques have allowed the nature of the species formed during the electroadsorption and electrooxidation of TU to be established. FTIRS experiments were performed in D2O to clean up the region of the H2O bending around 1600 cm(-1). It was concluded that TU adsorbs tilted on the surface in the 0.05-0.40 VRHE potential range. A dual-path reaction mechanism was evidenced in the oxidation process. The first pathway takes place from adsorbed TU at E > 0.40 VRHE and implies the formation of [Au(I)-(TU)2]+, which is oxidized to NH2CN and S0 at E > 0.80 VRHE. In a following oxidation step at E > 1.20 V, N2, CO2, and HSO4-/SO4(2-) were produced. The second parallel reaction occurs from TU in solution at E > 0.50 VRHE to form (TU)2(2+). All these species were characterized from the spectroscopic experiments. Similar results were obtained for both surfaces.     

Multiresolution quantum chemistry in multiwavelet bases: Hartree-Fock exchange

In a previous study we reported an efficient, accurate multiresolution solver for the Kohn-Sham self-consisitent field (KS-SCF) method for general polyatomic molecules. This study presents an efficient numerical algorithm to evalute Hartree-Fock (HF) exchange in the multiresolution SCF method to solve the HF equations. The algorithm employs fast integral convolution with the Poission kernel in the nonstandard form, screening the sparse multiwavelet representation to compute results of the integral operator only where required by the nonlocal exchange operator. Localized molecular obitals are used to attain near linear scaling. Results for atoms and molecules demonstrate reliable precision and speed. Calculations for small water clusters demonstrate a total cost to compute the HF exchange potential for all n(occ) occpuied MOs scaling as O(n(occ) (1.5)).     

CaClH2PO4·H2O的合成及其性质的研究

本文介绍了CaClH_2PO_4·H_2O的合成和纯化的方法。用精密量热计系统测定了CaClH_2PO_4·H_2O的标准生成焓在298.15K时为-2282.34kJ mol~(-1)。评述和讨论了热分解反应的化学动力学性质,测定了分解反应的级数和表现活化能。     

[Me3NC2H4OH]Zn2Cl5水溶液的激光光解研究

利用时间分辨激光光解技术研究了季铵盐型离子液体[Me₃NC₂H₄OH]Zn₂Cl₅(简写R-Zn₂Cl₅)的光解行为, 研究发现离子液体能被266 nm激光单光子电离, 生成阳离子自由基、[Zn₂Cl₅]^•中性自由基和水合电子, 观察到胆碱激发三线态的存在, 并测定了离子液体光电离的量子产额为0.04. 利用266 nm激光对离子液体、胆碱、氯化锌、氯化钠的光解行为比较, 发现胆碱阳离子的贡献很小, [Zn₂Cl₅]^－阴离子起主要作用. 采用氧化性自由基SO₄^•－引发离子自由基, 揭示其光电离机理, 测定离子液体的动力学反应速率常数, SO₄^•－ 460 nm的衰减速率常数为1.3×10⁹ L•mol^－1•s^－1, 320 nm离子自由基瞬态产物的生成速率常数为1.5×10⁹ L•mol^－1•s^－1, 两者很接近, 说明SO₄^•－自由基的衰减与瞬态自由基的生成是同步的.     

多种维生素的高效液相色谱分离及应用

在ＳｐｈｅｒｉｓｏｒｂＣ１８柱上，采用含Ｌｉ２ＳＯ４－己烷磺酸钠－三乙胺的水溶液作流动相，同时分离测定四种水溶性维生素：Ｂ１、Ｂ２、Ｂ６及烟酰胺。四种化合物的回收率在９９．２％～９９．９％之间，ＲＳＤ为０．１６％～０．４９％（ｎ＝５）。方法应用于常见的复合维生素药物制剂的含量测定，结果满意。