两种非晶碳化硅薄膜发光二极管

利用硅烷与甲烷的混合气在射频电场下的等离子体反应,淀积不同导电类型的非晶碳化硅薄膜,制成了p-i-n结注入型和均匀材料的碰撞电离型两种大面积发光二极管。本文报导这两种非晶发光器件的结构设计及光谱特性,并对器件的发光机现进行了讨论。     

Synthesis and characterization of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides: Recent progress from a vacuum surface science perspective

Layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are a diverse group of materials whose properties vary from semiconducting to metallic with a variety of many body phenomena, ranging from charge density wave (CDW), superconductivity, to Mott-insulators. Recent interest in topologically protected states revealed also that some TMDs host bulk Dirac- or Wyle-semimetallic states and their corresponding surface states. In this review, we focus on the synthesis of TMDs by vacuum processes, such as molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). After an introduction of these preparation methods and categorize the basic electronic properties of TMDs, we address the characterization of vacuum synthesized materials in their ultrathin limit-mainly as a single monolayer material. Scanning tunneling microscopy and angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy has revealed detailed information on how monolayers differ in their properties from multi-layer and bulk materials. The status of monolayer properties is given for the TMDs, where data are available. Distinct modifications of monolayer properties compared to their bulk counterparts are highlighted. This includes the well-known transition from indirect to direct band gap in semiconducting group VI-B TMDs as the material-thickness is reduced to a single molecular layer. In addition, we discuss the new or modified CDW states in monolayer VSe₂ and TiTe₂, a Mott-insulating state in monolayer 1T-TaSe₂, and the monolayer specific 2D topological insulator 1T′-WTe₂, which gives rise to a quantum spin Hall insulator. New structural phases, that do not exist in the bulk, may be synthesized in the monolayer by MBE. These phases have special properties, including the Mott insulator 1T-NbSe₂, the 2D topological insulators of 1T′-MoTe₂, and the CDW material 1T-VTe₂. After discussing the pure TMDs, we report the properties of nanostructured or modified TMDs. Edges and mirror twin grain boundaries (MTBs) in 2D materials are 1D structures. In group VI-B semiconductors, these 1D structures may be metallic and their properties obey Tomonaga Luttinger quantum liquid behavior. Formation of Mo-rich MTBs in Mo-dichalcogenides and self-intercalation in between TMD-layers are discussed as potential compositional variants that may occur during MBE synthesis of TMDs or may be induced intentionally during post-growth modifications. In addition to compositional modifications, phase switching and control, in particular between the 1H and 1T (or 1T′) phases, is a recurring theme in TMDs. Methods of phase control by tuning growth conditions or by post-growth modifications, e.g. by electron doping, are discussed. The properties of heterostructures of TMD monolayers are also introduced, with a focus on lateral electronic modifications in the moiré-structures of group VI-B TMDs. The lateral potential induced in the moiré structures forms the basis of the currently debated moiré-excitons. Finally, we review a few cases of molecular adsorption on nanostructured monolayer TMDs. This review is intended to present a comprehensive overview of vacuum studies of fundamental materials' properties of TMDs and should complement the investigations on TMDs prepared by exfoliation or chemical vapor deposition and their applications.     

56,54Fe(n, α)53,51Cr, 56,54Fe(n,p)56,54Mn反应截面计算及普适性模型参数优化研究

基于中子与Fe发生反应产生“氢泡”,及“氦泡”对新型核能利用系统壁材料的影响,开展了中子诱发56,54Fe(n, α)53,51Cr, 56,54Fe(n, p)56,54Mn反应截面计算研究工作。本工作根据现有的56,54Fe(n, α)53,51Cr, 56,54Fe(n, p)56,54Mn反应实验数据、评价数据,对TALYS程序调用的物理模型(包括能级密度、对修正、核温度、光学势参数等)进行参数调校,得到了一组普适性强的模型参数。基于调校的参数,本工作采用核反应程序TALYS理论计算56,54Fe(n, α)53,51Cr, 56,54Fe(n, p)56,54Mn反应的截面、能量微分截面以及双微分截面,全部数据都能与实验数据、评价数据符合较好,且适用于较宽的中子能量区间0~175 MeV。本工作提出了56,54Fe(n, α)53,51Cr, 56,54Fe(n, p)56,54Mn反应的普适性模型参数,促进了核反应理论的发展,为核数据的评价奠定了基础。     

Suppressed formation of CO2 and H2O in the oxidative coupling of methane over La2O3/MgO catalyst by surface modification

Oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) is a promising way to convert methane into C_2 hydrocarbons. However, CO_2 and H_2O are by-products of the reaction. To utilize the higher activity of lanthanum oxide and save its usage, MgO supported La_2O_3 catalyst was prepared. Surface modification of the catalyst with nitric acid was made to suppress the formation of the by-products. Experimental results indicated that the addition of nitric acid increased the surface oxygen species with binding energy of ca. 531.7 eV and at the same time reduced the pore volume of the catalyst. These effects of nitric acid finally led to the increase of C_2 selectivity and the decrease of the by-products formation. Hydrogen selectivity was found about 14%- 18% over the catalysts adopted in this work.     

中国微量元素科学研究现状、意义、问题和对策

通过"从统计数字看现状"、"从科研成果看意义"、"从社会现象看问题"和"为持续发展想对策"等四个方面高度概括了中国微量元素科学研究走过的30多年历程,为该学科今后的持续发展提供了方向性的意见和讨论的基础。     

导电聚苯胺/TiO_2微/纳米球的制备及其结构表征

采用具有八面体形貌的氧化亚铜为模板,制备了聚苯胺/TiO2(PANI/TiO2)微/纳米球,TiO2纳米粒子很均匀地分散在聚苯胺中.研究了不同TiO2/苯胺(TiO2/ANI)摩尔比对PANI/TiO2复合物的结构、形貌和电学性能的影响.实验结果表明,随着TiO2/ANI摩尔比的增加,PANI/TiO2复合物的直径逐渐减小,当TiO2/ANI摩尔比为0.16时,复合物的平均直径为373nm,而当TiO2/ANI摩尔比增加到1.6时,复合物的平均直径降到80nm.PANI/TiO2复合微/纳米球的电导率随着TiO2/ANI摩尔比的增加先升高后降低,当TiO2/ANI摩尔比达到1.6时,电导率由10-4S/cm提高到100S/cm,达到最大值.产物的形貌和结构分别采用扫描电镜、透射电镜、红外吸收光谱和X-射线衍射等手段进行了表征.     

基于LED的色度学实验研究

作为环保、节能、可智能控制的新型光源,发光二极管（LED）广泛应用于人们的现代生活、生产中,更有望替代传统的照明光源。以三基色LED为光源,制作了三路独立可调恒流电源,通过调节三基色光的不同配比实现加法混色,研究设计了加法混色的色度学实验,既可以直接观察混色后的实验现象,又能通过测量光谱数据得到色度参数。LED光源环保...     

Reversible transition between thermodynamically stable phases with low density of oxygen vacancies on the SrTiO3(110) surface

The surface reconstruction of SrTiO3(110) is studied with scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The reversible phase transition between (4×1) and (5×1) is controlled by adjusting the surface metal concentration [Sr] or [Ti]. Resolving the atomic structures of the surface, DFT calculations verify that the phase stability changes upon the chemical potential of Sr or Ti. In particular, the density of oxygen vacancies is low on the thermodynamically stabilized SrTiO3(110) surface.     

Room temperature magnetocaloric effect of La-deficient bulk perovskite manganite La0.7MnO3−δ

Room temperature magnetocaloric effect in La-deficient bulk perovskite manganite La_0.7MnO_3−δ prepared by conventional solid-state reaction has been reported. The maximum value of the magnetic entropy change (about−1.32 J/kg K) and the refrigerant capacity (approximately close to 37 J/kg) had been obtained at 290 K corresponding to a magnetic field variation of 1 T for La_0.7MnO_3−δ. It is the strong Jahn-Teller coupling that changes Mn-O bond length and Mn-O-Mn bond angles and then the canted spin arrangement and induces the strong double-exchange coupling to a comparatively high magnetic transition temperature. This Curie temperature near room temperature with easy fabrication and higher chemical stability makes La_0.7MnO_3−δ a potential candidate as a working substance in magnetic refrigeration technology.     

Characterization and oxidation behavior of NiCoCrAlY coating fabricated by electrophoretic deposition and vacuum heat treatment

Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) was showed to be a feasible and convenient method to fabricate NiCoCrAlY coatings on nickel based supperalloys. The microstructure and composition of the NiCoCrAlY coatings after vacuum heat treatment were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). Isothermal-oxidation test was performed at 1100 °C in static air for 100 h. The results show that the major phases in electrophoretic deposited and vacuum heat treated NiCoCrAlY coating are γ-Ni and γ′-Ni₃Al phases, also there is an extremely small quantity of Al₂O₃ in the coating. Composition fluctuations occur in the coating and a certain amount of titanium diffuse from the superalloy substrate to the top of the coating during vacuum heat treatment. The oxidation test results exhibit that the oxidation kinetics of this coating has two typical stages. The protective oxide layer is mainly formed in the initial linear growth stage and then the oxide layer hinders further oxidation of the coating in the subsequent parabolic growth stage. The coating can effectively protect the superalloy substrate from oxidation. A certain amount of rutile TiO₂ is formed in the coating during oxidation and it is adverse to the oxidation resistance of the coating.