高速车削钛合金的硬质合金刀具磨损机理研究

使用硬质合金刀具材料进行钛合金(Ti-6Al-4V)的高速干车削试验.采用电子扫描显微镜(SEM)观察刀具的磨损形貌,通过能谱分析(EDS)分析磨损表面的元素分布,并对刀具的主要磨损机理进行了分析.研究结果表明,使用硬质合金刀具材料高速干车削Ti-6Al-4V时,刀具的磨损机理主要为粘结磨损、氧化磨损和扩散磨损.硬质合金刀具的氧化磨损主要发生在刀具前刀具和后刀面的磨损边缘区.由于车削过程中刀具前刀面的切削温度比后刀面的切削温度高,导致刀具前刀面的氧化磨损、粘结磨损和扩散磨损较后刀面严重.     

氮杂岩白菜素衍生物的合成及其初步抗肿瘤活性

岩白菜素因其广泛的生理活性而备受关注。本文通过Mannich和Mitsunobu反应,合成了8个氮杂岩白菜素衍生物,其结构经1H NMR、13C NMR及质谱确证。采用MTT法初步测试了目标化合物体外抗肿瘤活性,结果表明,化合物3c和3d对细胞株A549均表现出优于岩白菜素的抑制活性(IC50分别为3.74μmol/L和5.05μmol/L),可做进一步研究。     

哌嗪季铵碱催化剂的合成及其在异氰酸酯聚合反应中的应用

在温和条件下合成了一种用于脂肪族异氰酸酯聚合反应的哌嗪类双季铵碱催化剂, 制备过程简单, 且催化剂具有较高的催化活性和选择性, 催化反应所生成的聚合产物中所需的三聚体成分较高, 产物色度较低.     

kJ级宽带低相干激光驱动装置

激光等离子体相互作用的不稳定性将有望通过降低高功率激光装置输出光束的相干性得到大幅缓解。利用低相干光源作为种子源,采用钕玻璃放大介质,研制成功国际首台kJ级大带宽低相干激光装置,实现了带宽13 nm、能量960 J、脉宽3～10 ns可调,相干时间仅为300 fs的大能量光脉冲输出。输出脉冲光谱匀滑无纵模结构,且谱相位随机分布,可实现脉冲波形和光谱分布的无关联精密调控。该装置不仅成功演示验证了低相干激光驱动器的单元技术及系统集成技术,同时也为激光等离子体相互作用及高能量密度物理研究提供了全新的实验研究平台。     

高功率钕玻璃激光系统低时间相干光频率转换技术研究进展

低时间相干脉冲可有效提高激光与等离子相互作用中参量不稳定性的阈值,但高效频率转换难题是实现其工程应用瓶颈之一。系统分析了高功率激光驱动器已有的各类低时间相干脉冲频率转换技术的特性,并基于数值模拟和实验分析了部分掺氘DKDP晶体用于超辐射光倍频、三倍频的特性与工程应用可行性,结果表明掺氘17%左右DKDP晶体可以提高钕玻璃系统超辐射光的倍频效率,理论转换效率可达到约80%,10%梯度掺氘DKDP晶体则可实现5 THz带宽三倍频输出。     

一种新的激光陀螺惯性测量组合标定方法

根据激光陀螺和石英加速度计的简化输出模型，推导并提出了一种新的激光陀螺惯性测量组合标定方法。该方法首先建立了一个与转台无关的机体坐标系，然后利用惯性测量组合绕6个不共面轴转动的输出值求解出激光陀螺的比例因子和安装方位；与此同时，根据6个转轴在竖直向上和竖直向下位置时的惯性测量组合输出值来确定加速度计在同一机体坐标系下的比例因子、安装方位和漂移。理论分析表明，与传统的标定方法不同，新方法对激光陀螺的标定结果受转台精度的影响较小，可以克服减震装置变形对激光陀螺标定的影响，从而实现中等精唐转合对惯性测量组合的高精唐标定。     

超价化合物的定义和成键特征初探

介绍一些描述超价化合物结构的理论,从改进的8电子规则和分子轨道理论出发,结合计算,对超价化合物结构进行解释.说明了超价化合物结构大量存在非键轨道的特征,同时给出了一个判断超价化合物的方法.     

Tortuosity for streamlines in porous media

An analysis of tortuosity for streamlines in porous media is presented by coupling the circle and square models. It is assumed that some particles in porous media do not overlap and that fluid in porous media is incompressible. The relationship between tortuosity and porosity is attained with different configurations by using a statistical method. In addition, the tortuosity fractal dimension is expressed as a function of porosity. Those correlations do not include any empirical constant. The percolation threshold and tortuosity fractal dimension threshold of porous media are also presented as: c = 0.32, D T c = 1.07. The predicted correlations of the tortuosity and the porosity agree well with the existing experimental and simulated results.     

基于伪焓法的多孔介质固液相变格子Boltzmann方法

格子Boltzmann方法是求解相变材料(PCM,phase change material)固液相变界面上复杂质量、能量和动量传递的有效方法。本文将伪焓LB模型推广至多孔介质固液相变中,构建相应的LB模型,并通过焓和温度的关系,获得下一时间步的焓、温度和对应液相率。为验证多孔介质固液相变LB模型的正确性,本文分别对一维Stefan问题和二维方腔多孔介质内固液相变问题进行求解。结果表明,在无自然对流作用下(一维Stefan问题),本文所构建模型能精确还原温度分布,与解析解相对误差控制在2%以内。除此之外,本文模型能反映自然对流对固液相变过程的影响,与已有工作差别较小,能准确追踪固液相变界面位置。     

Hydrophobic nanochannel self-assembled by amphipathic Janus particles confined in aqueous nano-space

Hydrophobic nanochannel plays a significant role in many physical, biological, and geological phenomena and exhibits impressive applications due to both its ubiquitous distribution and great ability to transport hydrophobic molecules,including various oils and gases. Based on theoretical modeling, we herein reveal that the amphipathic Janus nanoparticles have a large probability to self-assemble into uninterrupted hydrophobic nanochannels inside the aqueous nano-space, although there are large portions of the Janus nanoparticles to be hydrophilic. The key to this observation is the attractions between the hydrophobic regimes on neighboring amphipathic Janus particles through hydrophobic interaction in aqueous nano-space. More surprisingly, the permeation efficiency of hydrophobic molecules through the uninterrupted hydrophobic channel in Janus particles aggregate is even higher than that in the aggregate of hydrophobic particles. We note that the proposed amphipathic Janus particles can be transported to the appropriate positions by the water since the hydrophilic regimes still remain a strong particle–water interaction. We also note that most natural subsurface rocks are not completely hydrophobic or hydrophilic but have complex surfaces with inhomogeneous wetting property. Our work therefore provides a detailed molecular level understanding of the formation of underground strata as well as the new insight for constructing the artificial hydrophobic channels for various applications, such as the design of proppants to enhance the recovery of the unconventional oil/gas.