双频光栅傅里叶变换轮廓术频谱混叠研究

讨论了用双频光栅方法对包含突变成份的物体产生的变形条纹进行傅里叶变换时,可能会出现频谱混叠问题.推出了低频光栅的频谱f1与高频光栅的频谱f2不相互混叠的条件,分析了探测器非线性会引起同一光栅间频谱发生混叠情况.考虑到通常情况下低频光栅频谱f1与高频光栅频谱f2的混叠起主要作用,因此在该情况下用计算机仿真与实验验证了:当f2<2f1时,f1与f2相互混叠,物体面形难以恢复;当f2>2f1时,f1与f2不相互混叠,物体面形恢复得很好.     

YBa_2Pb_xCu_(3-x)O_y的临界电流特性

本文系统地研究了 Y Ba_2Pb_xCu_(3-x)O_y(0≤x≤0.4)高温超导体的正常态电阻率,交流磁化率,临界温度和临界电流密度等参量之间的关系.结果表明,在0≤x≤0.4范围内,样品的 T_c只有很小的变化,而电阻率和临界电流密度则随 x 发生显著的变化.特别是当 x=0.1时,样品的电阻率最小而相应的临界电流密度最大,在液氮温度下 J_c 为单相 Y Ba_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)样品的三倍多.作者还发现样品内界面层对临界电流的影响比超导相所占比例更大.作者应用McMillan 理论和 Ambegaokar-Baratoff 理论结果分析了实验数据.     

大面积微通道板（MCP）电子清刷测试系统设计

电子清刷是提升MCP性能的有效手段,鉴于目前国内的清刷测试系统只适用于直径30 mm以下的MCP,设计了一套4工位大面积MCP（500 mm100 mm）的清刷测试系统。该系统4个工位均可实现对大面积MCP的电子清刷,且其中一个工位兼具测试功能,可以测试清刷前后MCP的参数变化,清刷测试工位可实现相互转换。通过均匀紫外光照射金阴极产生均匀电子再经标准MCP（105 mm）倍增后得到用于清刷的可调均匀电子束。多次抽真空、检漏、及对该系统的烘烤处理使该系统达到真空度510-4 Pa的时间小于45 min,且极限真空度优于510-5 Pa,完全满足了清刷测试的指标要求。针对负载对该真空系统抽真空难度带来的影响,定义了负载影响因子K,并在实验过程中对K值作了量化计算（K值在0.35~1.57范围内）,揭示了K值与该系统抽真空难度存在的正比例关系。     

Microcanonical Phase Diagram of the BEG and Ising Models

The density of states of long-range Blume-Emery-Griffiths(BEG) and short-range Ising models are obtained by using Wang-Landau sampling with adaptive windows in energy and magnetization space.With accurate density of states,we are able to calculate the microcanonical specific heat of fixed magnetization introduced by Kastner et al.in the regions of positive and negative temperature.The microcanonical phase diagram of the Ising model shows a continuous phase transition at a negative temperature in energy and magnetization plane.However the phase diagram of the long-range model constructed by peaks of the microcanonical specific heat looks obviously different from the Ising chart.     

Study on the approximative formula for the far-field of a Gaussian beam under circular aperture diffraction and its divergence

The approximative formula for the far-field diffraction of a Gaussian beam through a circular aperture is obtained by using the superposition of Gaussian beams instead of the aperture function, and the explicit expression for calculating the beam divergence is also gained. Using the formula, the influences of the aberrations on the far-field wavefront and the beam's divergence are researched, and the results show that the large aberrations badly affect the far-field wavefront and the divergence. It is suggested that the aberrations and the diffractions should be avoided when designing the transmitter.     

铟封前后透射式GaAs光电阴极光谱响应特性的测试与分析

利用自行研制的光谱响应测试仪工程化样机,对透射式GaAs光电阴极在高温激活结束、低温激活结束以及铟封成管后的光谱响应特性进行了测试。结果显示,铟封后阴极整个响应波段的光谱响应下降,长波响应受到最显著的影响,表现为800~815 nm之间长波响应大幅度衰减,截止波长和峰值波长向短波移动,峰值响应和积分灵敏度减小,最终的光谱响应曲线变得平坦。阴极参量的计算结果反映铟封后阴极的表面逸出几率降低,说明铟封引起阴极表面激活层发生变化,使得能量较低的长波段光生电子不容易逸出,阴极长波响应和灵敏度随之降低。进一步分析了铟封过程中影响阴极表面激活层的因素。     

Effect of the nonlinearity of the CCD in Fourier transform profilometry on spectrum overlapping and measurement accuracy

In Fourier transform profilometry (FTP), we must restrain spectrum overlapping caused by the nonlinearity of the charge coupled device (CCD) and increase the measurement accuracy of the object shape. Firstly, the causes of producing higher-order spectrum components and inducing spectrum overlapping are analysed theoretically, and a simple physical explanation and analytical deduction are given. Secondly, aiming to suppress spectrum overlapping and improve measurement accuracy, the influence of spatial carrier frequency of projection grating on them is analysed. A method of increasing the spatial carrier frequency of projection grating to restrain or reduce the spectrum overlapping significantly is proposed. We then analyze the mechanism of how the spectrum overlapping is reduced. Finally, the simulation results and experimental measurements verify the correction of the proposed theory and method.     

电解水制氢的实验研究

搭建了电解水制氢的实验装置,并利用该装置研究了氢气与氧气的产生率与电流及时间的关系,同时测定电解装置的能效因数.     

用双波长可见光谱法快速测定半纤维素提取液中糖的含量

传统的Douglas比色法(间苯三酚-冰醋酸显色法)只能测定水溶性聚戊糖或戊糖,该研究对上述方法进行了改进,通过采用双波长技术实现对总糖和戊糖、己糖含量的同时测定。研究发现,425 nm是戊糖和己糖的等摩尔吸收波长,553 nm是戊糖的特征吸收波长,以上述二波长为基础大大简化了双波长法的计算公式。半纤维素提取液中干扰物质的光谱结果显示,提取液中的木素和葡萄糖醛酸对戊糖和己糖的测定结果都没有显著干扰。结果表明,该方法测定总糖和戊糖、己糖的含量都具有较高的精度和准确性,回收率为97.4%~101.9%。该方法简单、快速,非常适用于阔叶木和禾本科植物半纤维素提取液中混合糖含量的同时测定。     

基于损失函数的GARCH类模型波动率预测评价

本文的目的是通过利用多种损失函数评估三种GARCH模型的预测精度,找到最优的股指期货日内波动率研究预测模型。利用之前的研究结果,三个沪深300股指期货日内一分钟日内收益率被用作研究对象,对标准GARCH,eGARCH以及RealGARCH三个模型做了实证检验,并利用多种损失函数,从不同角度衡量三个波动率模型的预测精度。研究发现：Sample1样本的RealGARCH模型有最好的预测效果,而Sample2样本与Sample6样本的eGARCH模型有最好的预测精度。因此,在对沪深300股指期货日内波动率研究时,应根据其样本特征,优先选择具有能够反映非对称特征的波动率模型来刻画波动过程,对未来波动率做预测。