含氟偶氮苯光响应性聚合物的合成及性能

以1,2,3,4,5-五氟苯胺为原料, FeSO-4?7H2O负载的KMnO4为氧化剂, 制得全氟代偶氮苯, 在KOH作用下醇解, 进行丙烯酰化反应, 得到光响应性的功能单体4-甲基丙烯酰氧基九氟偶氮苯, 用GC-MS, 元素分析及NMR等方法对功能单体进行表征, 并研究了其光异构化性能. 以4-甲基丙烯酰氧基九氟偶氮苯(MANFAB)为功能单体, 与十字交联剂三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯(TRIM)在自由基引发下合成了光响应性的三维交联聚合物, 并研究了其光响应性质.     

应用于微电容超声换能器的信号处理电路设计*

针对微电容超声换能器的输出信号特征及检测要求,文中设计了换能器的微弱信号处理电路,包括基于跨阻的微弱电流信号检测和多重反馈带通滤波电路。通过搭建水下测试平台,对电路性能及功能进行实际测试,并进行水下测距实验。实验结果表明,该电路可对微电容超声换能器输出的400 k Hz信号进行检测放大与滤波;电路的线性度为0.18%,滤波电路中心频率为396 k Hz,带宽为55 k Hz。该电路可用于CMUT的接收信号处理并应用于超声测距及成像的前端信号处理。     

名义上无水硬玉矿物中“水”的热变异行为研究

以硬玉岩中名义上无水硬玉矿物为研究对象,通过常温和变温红外光谱测量,确定硬玉矿物结构水表征及变温过程热变异行为。研究结果显示：由M-OH伸缩振动所致的红外吸收谱带集中于3 700～3 600,3 570～3 520,3 500～3 300及3 230～3 140 cm-1波数范围内,但在不同的硬玉岩中具有不同的红外吸收。变温过程中,该吸收谱带基本在500 ℃左右相对吸收强度出现较为明显的减弱,且结构水含量也逐渐下降,进一步表征硬玉矿物中的“水”是以结构水的形式进入晶格。但此M-OH伸缩振动所致的吸收谱带、结构水含量和指纹谱均在850 ℃附近出现较为明显的变化,预示该温度硬玉矿物的成分已出现变异。硬玉矿物中“水”的热变异行为为进一步了解水分子的赋存状态与结合方式及其成岩机制提供一定的佐证。     

仿植物叶子表面微纳结构的光学性能

采用双液相转写法制备具有植物叶子表面微纳结构的有机玻璃.采用透光率雾度仪检测仿叶子有机玻璃薄膜(LM-PMMA)的光学性能.研究仿叶子薄膜的透射、反射率、散光、及其对光伏效益的影响,并采用蒙特卡洛法计算光学性能及模拟光路传播.结果表明:与光滑有机玻璃相比,仿生有机玻璃具有高达85;的雾度率,并有效提高硅太阳电池的效益;仿生微纳表面结构均有效减少反射、增透及增加硅的光吸收率;另外,光在“乳突”结构中的转播过程模拟结果说明:折射、聚焦、散射是仿叶子有机玻璃散光主要原因.     

Hybrid crystals of cuprates and iron-based superconductors

We propose two possible new compounds, Ba_2CuO_2Fe_2As_2and K_2CuO_2Fe_2Se_2, which hybridize the building blocks of two high temperature superconductors, cuprates and iron-based superconductors. These compounds consist of square CuO_2 layers and antifluorite-type Fe_2X_2(X = As, Se) layers separated by Ba/K. The calculations of binding energies and phonon spectra indicate that they are dynamically stable, which ensures that they may be experimentally synthesized. The Fermi surfaces and electronic structures of the two compounds inherit the characteristics of both cuprates and iron-based superconductors. These compounds can be superconductors with intriguing physical properties to help to determine the pairing mechanisms of high Tc superconductivity.     

等离子体助燃旋流扩散火焰的光谱分析

介质阻挡放电(DBD)辅助燃烧是等离子体技术领域发展起来的新的应用途径.本文利用CCD相机及光谱仪记录并分析甲烷-空气旋流扩散燃烧火焰形态及特征光谱,研究了等离子体激励的助燃、稳燃机理,分析了不同激励方式对等离子激励效果的影响。实验结果表明,等离子体激励放电会产生大量的自由基及活性基团,如CH,OH,O~+,O原子的各激发态能级及N_2第一正带系等谱线,其中重点分析了加电前后及不同激励方式下O原子(3s~3S~0→3p~5P,λ=777.5 nm)及氮气第一正带系B~3Π_g→A~3∑_u~+粒子(振动带波长为λ=891.2 nm)发射光谱变化,由于氮原子与氧原子均为加速燃烧的重要活性粒子,这些基团的产生使得甲烷更容易发生一系列链式氧化反应。定常激励产生的活性粒子浓度大于未经过等离子体激励及非定常激励下所产生的活性粒子浓度;经过等离子体激励后火焰根部更靠近燃烧器喷嘴底部,说明等离子体激励产生的活性粒子加速了链式反应的进行,缩短了点火迟滞时间.     

Effective sideband cooling in an ytterbium optical lattice clock

Sideband cooling is a key technique for improving the performance of optical atomic clocks by preparing cold atoms and single ions into the ground vibrational state. In this work, we demonstrate detailed experimental research on pulsed Raman sideband cooling in a $^{171}$Yb optical lattice clock. A sequence comprised of interleaved 578 nm cooling pulses resonant on the 1st-order red sideband and 1388 nm repumping pulses is carried out to transfer atoms into the motional ground state. We successfully decrease the axial temperature of atoms in the lattice from 6.5 μK to less than 0.8 μK in the trap depth of 24 μK, corresponding to an average axial motional quantum number $\langle n_z\rangle<0.03$. Rabi oscillation spectroscopy is measured to evaluate the effect of sideband cooling on inhomogeneous excitation. The maximum excitation fraction is increased from 0.8 to 0.86, indicating an enhancement in the quantum coherence of the ensemble. Our work will contribute to improving the instability and uncertainty of Yb lattice clocks.     

太阳能热水器水管自动“空水”装置的教学

1问题的提出观察事物的缺陷,寻找解决方案的一系列发明课题.太阳能热水器已得到普遍的应用,不论是夏天还是冬天,都能给用户提供热水.但太阳能热水器有一个缺点,往往在冬天,水管内的水会结冰,使得太阳能热水器不能应用,甚至水管会被冻爆,特别是冰熔化后,室内自来水及水箱内的水都通过破裂处流出,导致"水灾"的发生,给家庭或邻居造成一定的     

Enhancement of upconversion luminescence of YAlO3:Er3+ by Gd3+ doping

The upconversion luminescences of YAlO3:Er3+ phosphor co-doping with different Gd3+ concentrations are investigated under the excitation of 980- and 532-nm diode lasers. A near ultraviolet upconversion emission at 410 nm is observed in YAlO3 under 532-nm excitation. Moreover, the inactive Gd3+ ions can improve the upconversion intensity efficiently in a certain range of concentration. Under 980-nm excitation, the visible upconversion emissions at 546 and 646 nm are enhanced by about 10 and 8 times at the Gd3+ concentration of 40%, respectively. The upconversion emission at 410 nm under 532-nm excitation is also enhanced by 7 times. The substitution of Gd3+ ions for Y3+ sites changes the local symmetry of Er3+, leading to the improvement of upconversion efficiency.     

Exploration of the sum of flexoelectric coef ficients of nematic liquid crystals

We present a theoretical calculation of the dependence of reflectivity Rpp of the improved fully leaky waveguide geometry,which comprises pyramid,matching fluid,and strongly anchored hybrid aligned nematic liquid crystal(NLC) cell on the internal angle.The calculation is based on the multi layer optical theory and the elastic theory of liquid crystals.For different sums of flexoelectric coefficients e11 and e33,the curve of Rpp moves a distance to the left or the right relative to the case of ignoring the flexoelectric effect and the distance of the movement varies with different flexoelectric coefficients.Consequently,the sum of flexoelectric coefficients can be explored by measuring the distance of the movement.