大气红外辐射及消光特性实测研究

应大口径红外望远镜选址需求,研制了一台红外辐射测量设备,对丽江天文观测站及澄江M′波段(4.605~4.755μm)大气红外辐射与消光特性进行了实测。用Allan方差法和大气辐射传输方程分别对大气辐射的时间和空间变化数据进行了分析,讨论了辐射时空变化对红外天文观测的影响。结果表明,低频区的辐射涨落较大,Allan方差随积分时间呈指数增加,丽江和澄江的Allan方差拟合参数分别为0.794和1.238。从天顶到60°天顶角,丽江和澄江站的辐射亮度分别增大了68%和72%,透过率分别降至0.46和0.52;红外天文观测需斩波,在丽江站,探测器单像元、2×2Binning、4×4Binning最佳斩波频率分别为0.030,0.070,0.144 Hz。实测所得Allan方差、大气消光、最佳斩波频率可用于指导大口径红外望远镜的选址及设计。     

复叠与双级压缩系统的模拟对比分析

为了探究双级压缩制冷系统和复叠式制冷系统在低温环境下运行的可行性和经济性,在冷凝温度30℃,蒸发温度-20℃~-50℃工况下,通过EES模拟,将四种双级压缩循环方式分别与复叠式循环方式进行对比分析。研究表明:在蒸发温度从-20℃降到-50℃的工况下,同蒸发温度下,复叠循环系统的COP比一次节流中间完全(不完全)冷却循环系统的COP高20%,对于一次节流中间完全(不完全)冷却循环与复叠循环,系统COP都降低50%;对于二次节流中间完全(不完全)冷却循环与复叠循环,在同蒸发温度下,复叠循环系统的COP与二次节流中间完全冷却循环系统的COP相差不大,复叠循环系统的COP低于二次节流中间不完全冷却循环系统的COP,但二次节流的两个节流阀口径大,难协调并且系统回油不均,无法长期稳定运行。因此,在低温工况下(-20℃~-50℃)复叠循环相比于双级压缩循环具有更高的节能性、可行性。     

基于GN分裂的小目标检测区域推荐搜索算法

区域推荐搜索是机器视觉研究热点之一,针对传统目标检测使用穷举式搜索效率低下的问题,通过优化搜索的准确率可提高检测效率。引入复杂网络中用于社区发现的Girvan-Newman(GN)分裂算法,结合小目标区域特征,提出一种基于图像网络结构的小目标检测区域推荐搜索算法。该算法根据区域间多样性颜色直方图相似性构建图像与图的映射关系,通过图中连通子图的生成获取小目标可能区域。能在生成较少候选区的情况下满足较高的召回率,进一步优化小目标检测的时间消耗。     

双量子比特系统在Ising自旋链环境下的相干性冻结

本文研究双量子比特系统与Ising自旋链相耦合时的退相干动力学,解析地推导出相干性的演化规律。我们发现对一类特殊的初态,采用相对熵来度量的双量子比特系统的量子相干性在演化过程中存在冻结现象。同时,在弱耦合的情形下,量子相干性在Ising链的临界点附近存在突变现象。     

Modulation of multiphoton resonant high-order harmonic spectra driven by two frequency-comb fields

The frequency-comb structure in the extreme ultraviolet(XUV) and vacuum ultraviolet(VUV) regions can be realized by the high-order harmonic generation(HHG) process driven by frequency-comb fields, providing an alternative approach for the measurement of an unknown frequency in XUV or VUV. We consider the case of two driving frequency-comb fields with the same repetition frequency and the carrier frequencies of fundamental-and third-harmonics, respectively.The many-mode Floquet theorem(MMFT) is employed to provide a nonperturbative and exact treatment of the interaction between a quantum system and the frequency-comb laser fields. Multiphoton transition paths involving both fundamentaland third-harmonic photons are opened due to the coupling of the third-harmonic frequency-comb field. The multiphoton transition paths are superpositioned when the carrier-envelope-phase shifts(CEPs) fulfill the matching condition. And the interference of the multiphoton transition paths can be controlled by tuning the relative envelope delay between the fields.We find that the quasienergy structure, as well as the multiphoton resonant high-order harmonic generation(HHG) spectra,driven by the two frequency-comb fields can be coherently controlled via the interference of multiphoton transition paths.It is also found that the spectral intensities of the generated harmonics can be modulated, and the modulation behavior is harmonic-sensitive.     

High uniformity and forming-free ZnO-based transparent RRAM with HfO_x inserting layer

The impacts of HfO_x inserting layer thickness on the electrical properties of the ZnO-based transparent resistance random access memory(TRRAM) device were investigated in this paper. The bipolar resistive switching behavior of a single ZnO film and bilayer HfO_x/ZnO films as active layers for TRRAM devices was demonstrated. It was revealed that the bilayer TRRAM device with a 10-nm HfO_x inserted layer had a more stable resistive switching behavior than other devices including the single layer device, as well as being forming free, and the transmittance was more than 80% in the visible region. For the HfO_x/ZnO devices, the current conduction behavior was dominated by the space-charge-limited current mechanism in the low resistive state(LRS) and Schottky emission in the high resistive state(HRS), while the mechanism for single layer devices was controlled by ohmic conduction in the LRS and Poole–Frenkel emission in the HRS.     

氧分压对Ni/HfO_x/TiN阻变存储单元阻变特性的影响

采用射频磁控溅射的方法,基于不同氧分压制备的氧化铪构建了Ni/HfO_x/TiN结构阻变存储单元.研究发现,随着氧分压的增加,薄膜表面粗糙度略有降低;另一方面,阻变单元功耗降低,循环耐受性能可达10~3次,且转变电压分布的一致性得到改善.结合电流-电压曲线线性拟合结果及外加温度测试探究了器件的转变机理,得出在低阻态的传导机理为欧姆传导机理,在高阻态的传导机理为肖特基发射机理,并根据氧空位导电细丝理论,对高低阻态的阻变机理进行了详细的理论分析.     

显微激光拉曼定量分析CO_2气体碳同位素组成方法研究

制备了一系列不同比例的~(12)CO_2/N_2和~(13)CO_2/N_2混合物,对样品进行显微激光拉曼测试分析后发现气体拉曼特征峰峰面积比与其摩尔分数比成正比例关系,拟合方程的斜率被认为是拉曼量化因子F_(12CO_2)和F_(13CO_2)。用气相组分中只含有~(12)CO_2和N_2的流体包裹体验证了当F_(12CO_2),为1.163 49时,根据气体的拉曼特征峰峰面积比能估算出其摩尔分数比。由线性拟合后的方程斜率得出F_(13CO_2)和F_(12CO_2)分别为1.610 86和1.163 49,它们的比率F_(13CO_2)/F_(12CO_2)是1.3845。在确定稳定同位素分子的拉曼参数和实验条件基础上,CO_2气体碳同位素摩尔分数比C_(12)/C_(13)可根据A_(12Co_2)/A_(13CO_2)(拉曼峰峰面积比)和F_(13CO_2)/F_(12CO_2)的乘积求出。此外,用已知摩尔分数比(C_(12)/C_(13))的人造包裹体验证了此方法具有一定的可行性,可以建立起定量分析CO_2气体碳同位素激光拉曼测试方法。     

温度对奶粉荧光光谱的影响

采用荧光光谱和荧光寿命技术研究了温度对奶粉荧光特征的影响.通过比较奶粉与酪蛋白、乳糖及维生素的荧光光谱,确定了奶粉的荧光主要来自酪蛋白的贡献.随着温度的升高,奶粉和酪蛋白的荧光强度减小,其中幼儿配方奶粉和成人普通奶粉的荧光强度随温度升高减小的趋势基本相同,而婴儿配方奶粉的荧光强度随温度的升高出现了一个相对变化缓慢的平台区,酪蛋白的荧光强度随温度升高呈缓慢下降的趋势,下降的速度比奶粉的要缓.酪蛋白加热到90℃然后冷却至25℃,荧光强度部分恢复,说明一部分蛋白质的结构变化或者荧光基团的活性变化是可逆的.测量了不同温度下奶粉和酪蛋白的荧光寿命.奶粉和酪蛋白的荧光寿命曲线在双指数拟合之后,都有两个寿命,这两个寿命可能来自于色氨酸和苯丙氨酸.随着温度的升高,奶粉和酪蛋白的两个荧光寿命都减小.     

贝壳固硫过程热重研究

利用LCT-2型热天平对贝壳的固硫反应过程进行了实验研究。探讨了贝壳在含SO2模拟烟气气氛下的固硫能力、温度特性及SO2浓度对其钙利用率的影响特性;并利用JXA-840扫描电镜实验观察了贝壳与石灰石微观结构特性的主要差别。结果表明:贝壳具有良好的微观结构特性和固硫反应活性,其最佳固硫反应温度比石灰石高出约100℃,大部分贝壳更适合作900~1000℃温度下的燃煤固硫剂。