风沙环境下钢结构涂层的冲蚀磨损力学性能研究

针对钢结构涂层耐久性受风沙侵蚀和劣化问题,在研究风沙环境特征和钢结构涂层力学性能的基础上,利用接触理论和LS-DYNA有限元分析程序分析了涂层受冲蚀时的最大接触动力、最大接触半径、最大接触应力,并分析了应力场分布规律和屈服极限风沙流速度。分析结果表明：最大接触动力、最大接触半径、最大法向动应力随冲蚀速度和角度的增加而增大,当冲蚀速度、角度分别为35m/s、90°时,其达到最大值4.09×10-2N、4.24×10-5m、1.08×107Pa;最大切向动应力随冲蚀角度的增加而减小,当冲蚀速度为35m/s 时,冲蚀角度为5°和90°时对应的应力分别为9.36×107Pa 和0;得到了涂层表面和内部应力场,在对称轴0.56z a=处,剪应力最大值0.277 pτ=1max 0,剪应力最大值点即是材料接触流动的起始点,因此可预计塑性流动将在涂层表面下方开始发生;当垂直冲蚀时涂层材料不屈服的极限射流速度为18m/s。     

城市下水污泥和煤/LPG在循环流化床上的混烧试验研究

在高6000 mm、直径300mm的循环流化床上进行了含水率为79％的湿污泥与煤／石油液化气(LPG)的混烧试验。试验结果表明:无论用煤还是LPG作为辅助燃料,试验都能在设定的工况条件下稳定运行;向炉内加入石灰石的量达到钙硫摩尔比为3．4∶1时,二氧化硫和氯化氢的排放达标,脱硫效率和脱氯效率分别为75％和94％;在试验中, 烟气中NOx排放、烟气中汞含量和二恶英类排放都不超标;试验产生的飞灰含碳量低,飞灰中痕量元素的浸出毒性不超标;计算表明,如果利用余热干燥污泥和预热空气可有效地减少辅助燃料的消耗量。     

Production rates of cosmogenic nuclei on the lunar surface

A physical model for Geant4-based simulation of the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) particles' interaction with the lunar surface matter has been developed to investigate the production rates of cosmogenic nuclei. In this model the GCRs, mainly very high energy protons and α particles, bombard the surface of the Moon and produce many secondary particles, such as protons and neutrons. The energies of protons and neutrons at different depths are recorded and saved as ROOT files, and the analytical expressions for the differential proton and neutron fluxes are obtained through the best-fit procedure using ROOT software. To test the validity of this model, we calculate the production rates of the long-lived nuclei ¹⁰Be and ²⁶Al in the Apollo 15 long drill core by combining the above differential fluxes and the newly evaluated spallation reaction cross sections. Our numerical results show that the theoretical production rates agree quite well with the measured data, which means that this model works well. Therefore, it can be expected that this model can be used to investigate the cosmogenic nuclei in future lunar samples returned by the Chinese lunar exploration program and can be extended to study other objects, such as meteorites and the Earth's atmosphere.     

First-principles study of La and Sb-doping effects onelectronic structure and optical properties of SrTiO3

The effects of La and Sb doping on the electronic structure and optical properties of SrTiO 3 are investigated by first-principles calculation of the plane wave ultra-soft pseudo-potential based on density functional theory. The calculated results reveal that corner-shared TiO 6 octahedra dominate the main electronic properties of SrTiO 3 , and its structural stability can be improved by La doping. The La 3+ ion fully acts as an electron donor in Sr 0.875 La 0.125 TiO 3 and the Fermi level shifts into the conduction bands (CBs) after La doping. As for SrSb 0.125 Ti 0.875 O 3 , there is a distortion near the bottom of the CBs for SrSb 0.125 Ti 0.875 O 3 after Sb doping and an incipient localization of some of the doped electrons trapped in the Ti site, making it impossible to describe the evolution of the density of states (DOS) within the rigid band model. At the same time, the DOSs of the two electron-doped systems shift towards low energies and the optical band gaps are broadened by about 0.4 and 0.6 eV for Sr0.875La0.125TiO3 and SrSb0.125Ti0.875O3 , respectively. Moreover, the transmittance of SrSb0.125Ti0.875O3 is as high as 95% in most of the visible region, which is higher than that of Sr0.875La0.125TiO3 (85%). The wide band gap, the small transition probability and the weak absorption due to the low partial density of states (PDOS) of impurity in the Fermi level result in the significant optical transparency of SrSb0.125 Ti0.875 O3 .     

First-Principles Calculation of Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of Sb-Doped ZnO

The geometric structure, electronic structure, optical properties and the formation energy of Sb-doped ZnO with the wurtzite structure are investigated using the first-principles ultra-soft pseudo-potential approach of plane wave based upon the density functional theory. The calculated results indicate that the volume of ZnO doped with Sb becomes larger, and the doping system yields the lowest formation energy of Sb on the interstitial site and the oxygen site. Furthermore, Sb dopant first occupies the octahedral oxygen sites of the wurtzite structure. It is found that Sb substituting on oxygen site behaves as a deep acceptor and shows the p-type degenerate semiconductor character. After doping, the electron density difference demonstrates the considerable electron charge density redistribution, which induces the effect of Sb-doped ZnO to increase the charge overlap between atoms. The density of states move towards lower energy and the optical band gap is broadened. Our culated results are in agreement with other experimental results and could make more precise monitoring and controlling possible during the growth of ZnO p-type materials.     

Adsorption and Reaction of CO on （100） Surface of SrTiO3 by Density Function Theory Calculation

Adsorption and reaction of CO on two possible terminations of SrTiO3 （100） surface are investigated by the first-principles calculation of plane wave ultrasoft pseudopotentiai based on the density function theory. The adsorption energy, Mulliken population analysis, density of states （DOS） and electronic density difference of CO on SrTiO3 （100） surface, which have never been investigated before as far as we know are performed. The calculated results reveal that the Ti-CO orientation is the most stable configuration and the adsorption energy （0.449eV） is quite small. CO molecules adsorb weakly on the SrTiO3 （100） surface, there is predominantly electrostatic attraction between CO and the surface rather than a chemical bonding mechanism.     

ZnO-SnO2透明导电薄膜的制备及性能研究

采用二步成胶工艺制备ZnO-SnO₂透明导电薄膜,应用X射线衍射、原子力显微镜、紫外-可见分光光度计、薄膜分析仪及四探针仪等对薄膜的结构、表面微观形貌、透过率和导电性能进行表征.结果表明,锌锡摩尔比为9/12,退火温度为500 ℃时,薄膜的透过率达90%,电阻率为3.15×10-3 Ω·cm.与其它工艺相比,二步成胶工艺所制备出的ZnO-SnO₂透明导电薄膜性能优异.     

An advanced fully 3D OSEM reconstruction for positron emission tomography

A fully 3D OSEM reconstruction method for positron emission tomography （PET） based on symmetries and sparse matrix technique is described. Great savings in both storage space and computation time were achieved by exploiting the symmetries of scanner and sparseness of the system matrix. More reduction of storage requirement was obtained by introducing the approximation of system matrix. Iteration-filter was performed to restrict image noise in reconstruction. Performances of simulation data and phantom data got from Micro-PET （Type： Epuls-166） demonstrated that similar image quality was achieved using the approximation of the system matrix.     

La_(0.67)Ba_(0.33)Mn_(1–x)Zn_xO_3的磁性和电输运性质北大核心CSCD

采用传统固相反应法制备了La0.67Ba0.33Mn1–x Znx O3(0≤x≤0.2)多晶样品,系统研究了Zn掺杂对于多晶样品的结构,磁性和电输运性质的影响.XRD衍射表明样品均具有单一的立方钙钛矿结构.在外加磁场(H=1000Oe)环境中测得的磁化强度温度(M^T)曲线表明,在5~350K的温区内所有样品均发生了顺磁相(PM)到铁磁相(FM)的转变.样品的居里温度(TC)和磁化强度随着Zn的掺杂量的增加呈现下降的趋势,当x=0.1时,样品的TC和磁化强度与未掺杂的样品相比下降的幅度不大.但是当x=0.2时,样品的TC和磁化强度都发生明显的下降.从零场(H=0T)和外加磁场(H=2T)下测得的电阻温度曲线可见,样品在测量的温区范围内均发生绝缘相到金属相的转变.随着掺杂量的增加绝缘-金属相转变温度(TIM)向低温区移动,但是样品的电阻逐渐增大.所有样品在TIM附近呈现均出现磁电阻(MR)峰,随着Zn的掺杂量的增加MR值由x=0时的-22%(T=314.5K)增加到x=0.2时的-73%(T=80K),且样品的磁电阻温区被明显拓宽.     

关于水系锌离子电池中无氧钒基正极材料的综述

水系锌离子电池具有功率密度高、环境友好、安全性高、低成本和锌资源丰富等优点,被认为具有潜力成为下一代电化学储能系统。然而,正极材料较差的电化学性能制约了水系锌离子电池的未来发展。尽管氧化锰、氧化钒、普鲁士蓝类似物、有机材料等多种材料已被广泛研究,设计具有高性能的理想正极材料仍面临着巨大挑战。无氧钒基化合物由于具有高的电导率、大的层间距、低的离子扩散势垒和高的理论比容量,受到越来越多的关注。本文总结了无氧钒基化合物的研究进展,包括电极材料的设计、改善其电化学性能的有效途径以及复杂的储能机制,提出了无氧钒基化合物目前面临的挑战和未来的发展前景,为进一步制备新型高性能钒基正极材料提供指导。