暗物质寻找实验中CsI(Tl)晶体反符合探测器实验研究

一个正在建设的位于韩国Y2L地下实验室的低能暗物质探测实验中, 采用了CsI(Tl)晶体反符合探测器作为主动屏蔽体. 本工作对CsI(Tl)晶体反符合探测器的实验性能进行了研究. 通过FADC系统记录的脉冲波形数据, 研究了探测器的能量分辨率和波形甄别的能力; 研究相同能量γ射线入射到反符合探测器不同位置的相对光输出将有助于选择探测器的工作参数; 为了解晶体自身放射性对暗物质测量的影响, 利用低本底HPGe探测器对CsI(Tl)晶体内部的放射性进行了测量, 得到晶体内部Cs同位素的放射性活度. 探测器系统进行了约18d的试运行取数. 实验数据表明, CsI(Tl)晶体探测器的反符合效率约为31% HPGe探测器的本底计数率水平约为133cpd. 为了进行暗物质探测研究, 需要采取有效的方法进一步降低探测器的本底水平.     

Limits on light WIMPs with a 1 kg-scale germanium detector at 160 eVee physics threshold at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory

We report results of a search for light weakly interacting massive particle(WIMP) dark matter from the CDEX-1 experiment at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory(CJPL). Constraints on WIMP-nucleon spin-independent(SI) and spin-dependent(SD) couplings are derived with a physics threshold of 160 eVee, from an exposure of 737.1 kg-days. The SI and SD limits extend the lower reach of light WIMPs to 2 GeV and improve over our earlier bounds at WIMP mass less than 6 GeV.     

Study of the material photon and electron background and the liquid argon detector veto efficiency of the CDEX-10 experiment

The China Dark Matter Experiment (CDEX) is located at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL) and aims to directly detect the weakly interacting massive particles (WIMP) flux with high sensitivity in the low mass region. Here we present a study of the predicted photon and electron backgrounds including the background contribution of the structure materials of the germanium detector, the passive shielding materials, and the intrinsic radioactivity of the liquid argon that serves as an anti-Compton active shielding detector. A detailed geometry is modeled and the background contribution has been simulated based on the measured radioactivities of all possible components within the GEANT4 program. Then the photon and electron background level in the energy region of interest (<10^-2 events·kg^-1·day^-1·keV^-1 (cpkkd)) is predicted based on Monte Carlo simulations. The simulated result is consistent with the design goal of the CDEX-10 experiment, 0.1cpkkd, which shows that the active and passive shield design of CDEX-10 is effective and feasible.     

紫外光辐照法制备金纳米盘及其反应机理

用紫外光辐照氯金酸、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和纳米金种子的混合溶液, 在室温下用30 min制备出尺度小于100 nm的截角三角形或六边形金纳米盘. X射线能谱和衍射分析表明粒子是以{111}面为盘状面的高纯面心立方金单晶, 红外透射光谱表明金粒子与PVP之间存在作用. 产物的可见吸收光谱表现出纳米盘的各向异性表面等离子体共振吸收峰. 不同实验条件下产物的吸收光谱分析表明: PVP起还原剂和包覆剂的作用; 高强度紫外光加速了反应进行; 种子对反应具有催化作用; 种子的加入量有最佳值, 在该值下纳米盘平均尺度最大(达80 nm), 吸收谱上的面内偶极共振峰位于950 nm处; 种子的加入量超过该值时, 纳米盘尺度变小, 面内偶极共振峰发生蓝移.     

中国锦屏地下实验室缪子辐射环境蒙特卡罗方法模拟

用蒙特卡罗方法对中国锦屏地下实验室（CJPL）的缪子辐射本底进行了模拟。在对宇宙线缪子进行模拟时,依据海平面缪子流强Gaisser公式建立模型,并利用MUSIC程序,模拟了CJPL实验室的剩余缪子归一化能谱,进一步利用FLUKA程序模拟得到了缪致光子、中子的产额和平均能量。结果表明:剩余缪子的平均能量369 GeV,通量3.1710-6 m-2s-1,次级光子总的注量率约1.5710-4 m-2s-1,次级中子总的注量率约8.3710-7 m-2s-1。通过与世界上其他地下实验室本底水平的对比,表明CJPL的缪子辐射环境低于世界上大多数地下实验室。     

平行束缪子透射成像蒙特卡罗模拟

使用蒙特卡罗程序Geant4,模拟平行束缪子垂直于理想探测器平面入射法国试验客体（FTO）模型,在模型的上方和下方各放置三块理想探测器,用以输出缪子位置信息,从而确定入射与出射缪子径迹。通过三种方法统计缪子穿过模型前后的透射比,对模型进行透射成像,得到不同的成像结果。统计方法一和方法二分辨力可达2 mm2 mm,统计方法三可达1 mm1 mm,Cu与W区分较为明显,而且可显示出FTO模型中心的空气球,FTO模型与模型周围空气的边界十分清晰。模拟结果表明,平行束入射缪子可以进行透射成像。     

秦始皇陵地宫宇宙射线缪子吸收成像模拟研究

宇宙射线缪子吸收成像技术是一种无损成像技术,适用于对大尺度的成像目标进行无损探测.考古学中现有的无损探测方法均存在一定的局限性,若将缪子吸收成像技术应用于考古领域,可以作为对传统无损探测方法的重要补充.本文使用蒙特卡罗GEANT4程序,对秦始皇陵地宫缪子吸收成像进行研究,基于已有的秦始皇陵考古数据构建秦始皇陵地宫模型,根据Reyna提出的海平面缪子能谱公式抽样产生缪子源的信息,模拟了宇宙射线缪子在秦始皇陵地宫中的输运过程,并利用图像重建算法实现墓室大小和位置的重构.模拟结果表明,利用单视角获得的缪子通量投影数据可以给出地宫中墓室边界的二维角坐标,利用两个视角的投影数据可以重建墓室大小和三维位置,重建得到的墓室边长和墓室中心位置相对于理论值的差异在7%左右.     

Observation of Atomic Emission Enhancement by fs-ns Dual-Pulse Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

An experiment of a 500-fs KrF laser pulse incident upon a high density supersonic O2 gas jet synchronously with an ns frequency-doubled Nd：YAG laser pulse is performed in orthogonal configuration. Significant atomic emission enhancement of over forty-fold is observed with an optical multi-channel analyser. The enhancement effect is probably attributed to the different ionization mechanisms between fs and ns laser pulses.     

A position resolution MRPC for muon tomography

Muon tomography is a promising method in the detection and imaging of high Z material. In general, considering the quality of track reconstruction in imaging, a detector of good position resolution, high efficiency and large area is required. This paper presents the design and study of a prototype of position sensitive MRPC with 0.15 mm narrow gas gap and 2.54 mm strip readout. Through a cosmic-ray experiment, the performance of MRPC module is carefully observed and each channel is calibrated. Through an X ray experiment with a narrow slit, the position resolution is studied. The results show that the time resolution of the module can reach 61ps and the spatial resolution can reach 0.36 mm.