高效液相色谱法测定烟草料液中脱氢乙酸

加料是卷烟生产中的重要环节,合理的加料对于提高或改善卷烟的抽吸品质、改善烟支燃烧性和减少生产过程中的碎损等方面均起到重要作用。为了防霉败变质,烟草料液中可能会添加防腐剂,最常用的为苯甲酸、山梨酸和脱氢乙酸等。脱氢乙酸是一种新型防腐剂,对霉菌、酵母菌和致病菌都有好的抑制作用,国家允许其在腐乳、什锦酱菜、原汁橘浆中最大允许使用量为0.3 g·kg^-1;面包、糕点、月饼及馅料的使用量可以添加到0.5 g·kg^-1。但大量毒理学试验表明:过量使用会对人体健康产     

终极股东超额控制下公司治理环境与股权结构的价值效应研究

公司治理环境和股权结构分别是从公司外部宏观层面和内部微观层面影响公司价值的两类主要因素。在上市公司终极股东普遍存在超额控制权的现实背景下,本文基于终极股东超额控制权中介效应的视角,利用中国上市公司的大样本经验数据和结构方程模型的数理统计方法,实证研究了公司治理环境和股权结构对公司价值的影响机制。研究发现,终极股东的超额控制权会显著损害上市公司价值;公司治理环境和股权制衡基本不具有直接的价值创造效应,但可以通过抑制终极股东的超额控制权进而间接具有价值创造效应;股权集中具有显著的直接价值创造效应,虽然股权集中会促进终极股东的超额控制权从而具有间接的价值损害效应,但大股东与上市公司的利益趋同大于对上市公司的利益侵占,使得股权集中的总价值效应仍表现为价值创造效应。结论表明,通过遏制终极股东的超额控制权,能够有效实现公司治理环境和股权结构的价值创造功能。     

Temperature dependences of optical properties,chemical composition,structure,and laser damage in Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared by e-beam evaporation with varied deposition temperatures,annealing temperatures,and annealing times.The effects of temperature on the optical properties,chemical composition,structure,and laserinduced damage threshold(LIDT) are systematically investigated.The results show that the increase of deposition temperature decreases the film transmittance slightly,yet annealing below 923 K is beneficial for the transmittance.The XRD analysis reveals that the film is in the amorphous phase when annealed below 873 K and in thehexagonal phase when annealed at 1073 K.While an interesting near-crystalline phase is found when annealed at 923 K.The LIDT increases with the deposition temperature increasing,whereas it increases firstly and then decreases as the annealing temperature increases.In addition,the increase of the annealing time from 4 h to 12 h is favourable to improving the LIDT,which is mainly due to the improvement of the O/Ta ratio.The highest LIDT film is obtained when annealed at 923 K,owing to the lowest density of defect.     

太赫兹光谱技术在中药大黄炮制品检测中的应用研究

针对中药炮制前后成分变化会影响中药用药疗效的问题,采用四种大黄炮制品为研究对象,利用太赫兹时域光谱系统和化学计量学处理方法获得了中药大黄光谱数据,按照中药大黄炮制品的种类对光谱数据进行了区分。同时,薄层色谱法研究显示大黄在不同炮制方法处理后,其炮制品中基础物质蒽醌和鞣质类化合物含量发生变化,而该实验获得的这四种大黄炮制品太赫兹光谱数据之间的关联性与上述变化规律相吻合。这就说明太赫兹光谱技术对中药炮制品的物质成分是敏感的,此方法可以为中药炮制过程中物质结构变化的研究提供重要参考。     

挖掘知识结构图 占领教学制高点

刚入职的数学教师,教材解读能力往往较弱,在教学设计时,通常以平视的角度进行设计,导致课堂教学目标不够明确、教学重点与难点不清晰.那么,如何弥补这些短板呢?笔者作为新教师中的一员,经过几年的尝试,发现一个快捷而有效的方法,即利用“知识结构图”,占领数学教学制高点.具体地说,需要教师对知识结构图进行深入挖掘,借以了解知识点之间的相互联系以及整个学段的知识结构是如何螺旋上升的,从长远着手,设计有思维张力的课堂教学,最终达到完善学生知识体系的目的.     

光催化剂SnC2O4的合成及其可见光催化活性

以(NH4)2C2O4为沉淀剂,采用直接沉淀法合成了新型光催化剂SnC2O4粉末.通过X射线粉末衍射、扫描电镜、紫外-可见分光光度计及荧光分光光度计等手段对样品的物相结构、微观形貌以及光吸收性能等进行了分析表征.结果表明:所制备的样品为单斜白钨矿型SnC2O4,空间群为C2/C(15).样品的微观形貌为不规则多面体,其禁带宽度为3.44 eV.光致发光光谱表明样品内部可能有大量的氧空位和其它缺陷.以甲基橙为模拟染料废水对SnC2 O4样品的光催化活性进行了评价.当甲基橙染料的浓度为40 mg/L,SnC2 O4光催化剂的投加量为40 mg/50 mL时,在模拟可见光照射下,甲基橙降解率可达99.1;,且光催化降解反应符合一级动力学方程.此外,通过引入活性物种捕获剂证明·O2-在光催化降解甲基橙反应中起重要作用.     

Accelerated oxygen precipitation in fast neutron irradiated Czochralski silicon

Annealing effect of the oxygen precipitation and the induced defects have been investigated on the fast neutron irradiated Czochralski silicon （CZ-Si） by infrared absorption spectrum and the optical microscopy. It is found that the fast neutron irradiation greatly accelerates the oxygen precipitation that leads to a sharp decrease of the interstitial oxygen with the annealing time. At room temperature （RT）, the 1107cm^-1 infrared absorption band of interstitial oxygen becomes weak and broadens to low energy side. At low temperature, the infrared absorption peaks appear at 1078cm^-1, 1096cm^-1, and 1182cm^-1, related to different shapes of the oxygen precipitates. The bulk microdefects, including stacking faults, dislocations and dislocation loops, were observed by the optical microscopy. New or large stacking faults grow up when the silicon self-interstitial atoms are created and aggregate with oxygen precipitation.     

Attack on the Enhanced Multiparty Quantum Secret Sharing

Recently, Gao et al.'s [Commun. Theor. Phys. 52 (2009) 421] multiparty quantum secret sharing (MQSS) protocol with two-photon three-dimensional Bell states was enhanced by Hwang et al. [Commun. Theor. Phys. 56 (2011) 79]. The improved protocol removes some unnecessary unitary operations, devices, and transmissions by the technique of decoy single photons and careful modification. However, in this paper, we investigate the security of the improved protocol and find it is insecure. The eavesdropper can steal all Alice's secret information. Furthermore, a feasible modification to remedy the security loophole is put forward. Our improved protocol provides a basic method to modify a kind of MQSS protocols which cannot resist the collusion attack.     

苯乙烯-间戊二烯交替共聚物环氧化研究

苯乙烯(ST)-间戊二烯(PD)通过阴离子聚合可以合成交替序列共聚物SP,基于此序列的嵌段共聚物在抗冲击高透明树脂、增韧树脂等领域有极大应用价值,同时极性化改性聚烯烃材料对提升产品相容性、耐氧化、耐热性及透明性有重要意义。本文以间氯过氧化苯甲酸(m-CPBA)为环氧化试剂对SP进行环氧化改性研究,考察了反应温度、溶剂、SP分子量及环氧化剂类型对环氧化反应的影响。通过核磁氢谱(¹H-NMR)和傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)对环氧化SP产物(eSP)进行了结构表征。同时建立了不同环氧度eSP的定量分析方法,并通过正交实验确定了本实验所采用实验条件的最优反应条件：四氢呋喃(THF)/环己烷(CH)混合溶剂、温度343 K、C—C/m-CPBA摩尔比为1∶1.25、反应时间60 min,可以实现SP的完全环氧化。最后利用示差扫描热量仪(DSC)分析了不同环氧度eSP的玻璃化转变温度(T_g),证明环氧化改性改善产品极性的同时也能显著提升聚烯烃使用温度。     

Ion migration in metal halide perovskite QLEDs and its inhibition

Benefiting from the excellent properties such as high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), wide gamut range, and narrow emission linewidth, as well as low-temperature processability, metal halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have attracted wide attention from researchers. Despite tremendous progress has been made during the past several years, the commercialization of perovskite QDs-based LEDs (PeQLEDs) is still plagued by the instability. The ion migration in halide perovskites is recognized as the key factor causing the performance degradation of PeQLEDs. In this review, the elements species of ion migration, the effects of ion migration on device performance and stability, and effective strategies to hinder/mitigate ion migration in PeQLEDs are successively discussed. Finally, the forward insights on the future research are highlighted.