自制甲基硝基亚硝基胍诱发大鼠胃腺癌及其幽门腺区上皮细胞的改变

使非纯系大白鼠饮自制甲基硝基亚硝基胍溶液,并给每鼠每周加灌饱和食盐溶液1毫升,18个月期间,在实验组18只大白鼠中出现胃腺癌5例,12指肠腺癌2例,此外尚有少数前胃乳头状瘤及肺癌.在对照组17例中则未见肿瘤.显微镜下,可见实验组幽门腺区胃小凹深部上皮细胞有显著增生,癌变亦起自该处.电镜下可见幽门腺区胃小凹上皮细胞增生者仅有核浆比例略增大,有不典型增生者的核形状、基底膜和细胞间联接等的改变接近癌细胞.文中认为增大致癌剂浓度及加长接触时间,可在不敏感动物中诱发出癌变.     

Visible-light Driven Photocatalysts: Al-, Ga-, and In-doped Monoclinic BiVO_4

The first-principles calculations were performed to investigate the stability, band structure, density of states and redox potential of Al-, Ga-, and In-doped monoclinic BiVO4（mBiVO4）. The calculated formation energies show that Al-doped mBiVO4 inducing an O vacancy is energetically favorable with a smaller defect formation value. With the incorporation of Al, Ga, and In, the band gap of the doped systems will be narrowed in the order of Al-doped 〈 Ga-doped 〈 In-doped mBiVO4, which is beneficial for the response to the visible light. And the substitution of an Al or Ga for a V atom will significantly enhance the reducibility of mBiVO4, improving the efficiency of H2 evolution from H2 O. Our results show that the photocatalytic activity of mBiVO4 can be modulated by substitutional doping of Al, Ga, and In.     

三乙基铝及添加物的空气混合物爆炸微观机理研究

采用直接抛撒法和多种谱仪技术研究了三乙基铝的爆炸特性及微观机理。光谱研究表明,当三乙基铝与正己烷的体积比增加至1∶2 以后C2 辐射明显增强。过多增加正己烷含量导致混合物贫氧,因而造成燃料的浪费。实验观察到,每次实验后在激波管端盖及离端盖0.8m 范围内的激波管内壁上均匀覆盖着一层白色粉末。还利用OMA谱仪及单色谱仪确定了Al 原子的存在。研究发现,随着正己烷含量的增加,CH 出现时间相比Al 原子出现越来越早。这表明正己烷的反应总是早于三乙基铝的反应,并且随着正己烷含量的增加,正己烷的作用越来越明显。这个结果也是和三乙基铝与正己烷的混合方式相符的。由于三乙基铝总是被正己烷包裹着,抛撒后只有等正己烷反应完才能使三乙基铝裸露出来与氧接触点火。     

以强酸性阳离子交换树脂为催化剂合成14-氧杂二环[10,3,0]十五碳烯-2

以三种类型的强酸性阳离子交换树脂(聚苯乙烯磺酸树脂、酚醛磺酸树脂和全氟磺酸树脂)为催化剂进行环十二碳-烯的普林斯反应,合成了14-氧杂二环[10,3,0]十五碳烯-2.考察了该三种树脂的催化性能,并与苯磺酸和对甲苯磺酸的催化性能作了比较.考察了孔径、粒度及反应条件(温度、时间、催化剂用量等)对聚苯乙烯磺酸树脂催化性能的影响.实验结果表明:全氟磺酸树脂和交联大孔聚苯乙烯磺酸树脂(交联度10％,孔径3.9×10²Å,比表面积20m²/g)具有良好的催化性能.     

铁磁性物质Co的液态结构分子动力学模拟

用分子动力学模拟方法在１８７３－３００Ｋ的温度范围内对液态Ｃｏ的微正则系综进行了模拟研究,模拟采用ＥＡＭ相互作用势,对时间和空间的平均,得到了不同温度下Ｃｏ的双体分布函数及原子组态变化的重要信息,当冷却速度较慢时,液态金属Ｃｏ最终形成晶态,当冷却速度较快时,液态Ｃｏ最后形成了非晶态,双体分布函数随的变化规律说明液态金属随温度的降低,有序度不断增强,利用键对分析技术对模拟结果作了深入分析,液态金属中     

锰(Ⅱ)与5-[(蒽-9-亚甲基)-氨基]-间苯二甲酸的超分子配位聚合物的合成、表征及性能研究

以桥联配体5-[(蒽-9-亚甲基)-氨基]-间苯二甲酸和Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O 为原料,通过溶剂热法成功合成了一个新型三维超分子结构的配位聚合物{[Mn2(H2O)4(CH3OH)(C2H5OH)(L)2]·(CH3OH)2·H2O}n(H2L=5-[(蒽-9-亚甲基)-氨基]-间苯二甲酸),并通过红外光谱、元素分析、X射线粉末衍射、单晶 X 射线衍射和热重分析,对配位聚合物的单晶结构进行了表征.该配位聚合物属于三斜晶系,空间群P-1,晶胞参数:a=9.6850(19) nm,b=14.278(3) nm,c=17.666(4) nm,α=87.15(3)°,β=89.99(3)°,γ=83.96(3)°,V=2426.3(8) nm3,Z=2.该晶体结构为一维配位链,通过链与链之间的π…π相互作用和氢键形成了三维超分子结构.此外,在室温条件下,固态荧光测试表明配体及其配位聚合物分别在456 nm (λex=417 nm)和506 nm (λex=402 nm)具有较强的荧光.     

超短超强激光与薄膜靶相互作用中不同价态碳离子的来源

研究了超短超强激光与不同厚度薄膜Al靶相互作用中靶背法线方向碳离子的最初来源. 通过对比分析碰撞电离率和场致电离率所起的作用, 发现C⁴⁺ 及更低价态的碳离子主要由场致电离产生, 而高价态的C⁵⁺和C⁶⁺ 离子主要来自于超热电子与靶表面的碰撞电离. 关键词： 超短超强激光与等离子体相互作用 离子加速 场致电离 碰撞电离     

Application of multi-pulse optical imaging to measure evolution of laser-produced counter-streaming flows

A counter-streaming flow system is a test-bed to investigate the astrophysical collisionless shock(CS) formation in the laboratory. Electrostatic/electromagnetic instabilities, competitively growing in the system and exciting the CS formation, are sensitive to the flows parameters. One of the most important parameters is the velocity, determining what kind of instability contributes to the shock formation. Here we successfully measure the evolution of the counter-streaming flows within one shot using a multi-pulses imaging diagnostic technique. With the technique, the average velocity of the high-density-part(ne ≥ 8–9 × 10~(19)cm~(-3)) of the flow is directly measured to be of ～ 10~6cm/s between 7 ns and 17 ns.Meanwhile, the average velocity of the low-density-part(ne ≤ 2 × 10~(19)cm~(-3)) can be estimated as ～ 10~7cm/s. The experimental results show that a collisionless shock is formed during the low-density-part of the flow interacting with each other.     

Bow shocks formed by a high-speed laser-driven plasma cloud interacting with a cylinder obstacle

A bow shock is formed in the interaction of a high-speed laser-driven plasma cloud with a cylinder obstacle. Its temporal and spatial structures are observed by shadowgraphy and interferometry. The width of the shock transition region is ～ 50 μm, comparable to the ion–ion collision mean free path, which indicates that collision is dominated in the shock probably. The Mach-number of the ablating plasma cloud is ～ 15 at first, and decreases with time resulting in a changing shock structure. A two-dimension hydrodynamics code, USim, is used to simulate the interaction process. The simulated shocks can well reproduce the observed.     

准高斯声束对超声造影剂的声辐射力研究*

超声造影剂的定向输运在超声医学成像领域有着极为重要的意义,而声辐射力作用是实现该过程的关键,相比于高斯声束,准高斯声束是无源亥姆霍兹方程的精确解,可以使用标准波分解法简化计算。因此,本文研究了准高斯声束对超声造影剂的声辐射力作用。文章首先分析了准高斯声束与高斯声束之间的相关性;随后通过数值计算求得了准高斯声束对超声造影剂模型的声辐射力函数与无量纲频率之间的关系;最后,本文研究了不同造影剂气泡情况下的声辐射力。研究结果表明:声辐射力函数随无量纲频率变化将在不同位置出现共振峰,不同的波束宽度值将改变辐射力强度,但不改变共振峰的位置。相关结果可为利用声辐射力定向输运超声造影剂至靶向位置提供理论参考。