基于3-吡唑-5吡啶-1,2,4-三唑和均苯四甲酸构筑的两个同构配位聚合物的晶体结构和磁性

以3-吡唑-5吡啶-1,2,4-三唑(H2L)和均苯四甲酸(H_4btec)为配体合成了2个新的同构配位聚合物[M(btec)_(0.5)(H_2L)]_n(M=Co(Ⅱ)(1),Cu(Ⅱ)(2)),通过X射线单晶衍射、元素分析、红外光谱等进行了结构表征。晶体结构分析表明配合物1和2是同构的,都属于正交晶系,空间群为Pbca。2个配位聚合物都是二维结构,通过N…H…O氢键形成三维超分子框架结构。此外对上述配合物进行了磁性研究,结果表明配合物1内通过羧基桥连的金属钴离子之间是弱的铁磁相互作用;配合物2中存在典型的順磁行为。     

噪声环境中两粒子纠缠态的纠缠消相干

借助于共生纠缠度和输入输出保真度考察了初始处于纠缠态的两粒子在联合噪声环境中的消纠缠特性。结果表明：两粒子纠缠态可分为相干保持态和脆弱纠缠态，对于脆弱纠缠态分析了它们在低温条件欧姆型耗散下的纠缠消相干演化动力学。     

分散电极的制备及其分散差电池的电动势

物质超细化后除产生强烈的量子尺寸效应和宏观量子遂道效应外,还将产生强烈的表面效应和体积效应等。这些效应可改变其的电化学性质。早在1982年Plieth[1]就发现了金属颗粒的粒度对电极电势有影响,随后又在理论和实验方面做了许多工作[2,3]。后来人们又不断发现,组成电极的粉末     

木质素磺酸铁催化合成N-取代吡咯

以造纸废料木质素磺酸钠为原料制备了木质素磺酸铁。以木质素磺酸铁为催化剂,催化2,5-己二酮与伯胺发生Paal-Knorr反应,生成了高产率的N-取代吡咯。该反应是典型的亲核反应,伯胺亲核性越强,反应速率越快,N-取代吡咯产率越高。反应中木质素磺酸铁电离出的Fe~(3+)是Lewis酸,起催化作用。木质素磺酸铁是一种生物质基固体催化剂,价廉易得、环境友好、操作简便、易于和产物分离、可回收循环使用。     

Ti-Zr-V吸气剂薄膜在管道的制备与真空性能研究

利用直流磁控溅射方法在单晶硅片和内径为22 mm、长度分别为500 mm和1500 mm的银铜管道内壁镀制了Ti-Zr-V非蒸散型吸气剂薄膜,并对镀膜管道的极限真空进行了测量。结果显示:在180 ℃下激活24 h后,镀制了Ti-Zr-V薄膜真空管道的极限真空度可以达到9.2×10?10 Pa。在关闭测试系统和离子泵的阀门后,系统仅依靠Ti-Zr-V薄膜的吸气依然能够维持在9×10?9 Pa很长时间。利用测试粒子蒙特卡罗法对薄膜的抽速和容量进行了分析和测量,结果显示,Ti-Zr-V薄膜对CO的初始粘附系数最大可以达到0.3,容量可以达到1.2个分子层。     

Pattern transition and regulation in a subthalamopallidal network under electromagnetic effect

Although the significant roles of magnetic induction and electromagnetic radiation in the neural system have been widely studied, their influence on Parkinson's disease (PD) has yet to be well explored. By virtue of the magnetic flux variable, this paper studies the transition of firing patterns induced by magnetic induction and the regulation effect of external magnetic radiation on the firing activities of the subthalamopallidal network in basal ganglia. We find: (i) The network reproduces five typical waveforms corresponding to the severity of symptoms: weak cluster, episodic, continuous cluster, episodic, and continuous wave. (ii) Magnetic induction is a double-edged sword for the treatment of PD. Although the increase of magnetic coefficient may lead the physiological firing activity to transfer to pathological firing activity, it also can regulate the pathological intensity firing activity with excessive β-band power transferring to the physiological firing pattern with weak β-band power. (iii) External magnetic radiation could inhibit continuous tremulous firing and β-band power of subthalamic nucleus (STN), which means the severity of symptoms weakened. Especially, the bi-parameter plane of the regulation region shows that a short pulse period of magnetic radiation and a medium level of pulse percentage can well regulate pathological oscillation. This work helps to understand the firing activity of the subthalamopallidal network under electromagnetic effect. It may also provide insights into the mechanisms behind the electromagnetic therapy of PD-related firing activity.     

扫描白光干涉测量技术的算法比较

干涉条纹零光程差位置的确定是扫描白光干涉测量的关键技术之一。介绍了扫描白光干涉法测量物体轮廓的原理,讨论了确定白光干涉条纹零级条纹位置的几种方法,并对随机生成的表面进行了大量的数字模拟测量和分析比较,得出了各种算法对测量准确度的影响。研究结果对白光干涉的应用研究提供了可靠的理论根据。     

Generation of Two-Atom Cluster State via Cavity QED

We propose a physical scheme for generating a two-atom cluster state through the simultaneous interaction of two two-level atoms with a single-mode cavity field prepared initially in an odd-coherent state under a large-detuned limit. The influence of the dissipation constant, the intensity of the field and the imperfect manipulation on the preparation scheme are investigated. It is shown that when the intensity of the cavity is large enough, the influence of the cavity decay is ettlciently suppressed. The possible error in the implementation of the cluster state is negligible when the time difference between two atoms crossing the cavity axis is small. It is suggested that the scheme can be realized by current technologies.     

X射线相衬成像

本文介绍了近年来X射线位相衬度成像技术的发展状况，详细论述了X射线干涉相衬、衍射增强相衬，类同轴相衬和数字位相重构等几种典型的成像原理，讨论了影响成像衬度与分辨率的若干因素，并对位相成像的发展趋势作了展望。     

简便方法制备氮掺杂的碳球用作高效非金属氧还原催化剂（英文）

随着人们环保意识的不断增强,社会对清洁能源的需求也日益增加.燃料电池具有效率高,燃料来源丰富,可直接将化学能转化成电能且污染小等优点,因而受到了广泛关注.然而,燃料电池的阴极氧还原反应(ORR)速率较慢,成为提高燃料电池整体效率的制约因素.因此,开发高性能的ORR催化剂,加快ORR反应速率具有非常重要的意义.目前,Pt基催化剂被认为是活性最好的商用ORR电催化剂.尽管此类催化剂具有较高的催化活性和良好的稳定性,但Pt的储量有限,价格高昂,抗燃料毒化性能差,限制了其大规模应用.近年来,为了减小Pt的用量,降低催化剂成本,人们除了致力于研究贵金属合金催化剂及非贵金属催化剂外,还把目光聚焦在了非金属催化剂,特别是碳及其复合材料的研究上.在众多碳材料中,碳球因具有良好的表面渗透性和较高的机械稳定性而被广泛应用于催化、吸附、药物输送和能量存储及转化等领域中.然而,碳球的表面化学惰性较强,比表面积较低,使其部分应用受到了限制.因此,人们采用了多种方法来调控碳球的物理化学性质.其中,向碳材料中掺入杂原子,尤其是氮原子的方法广受青睐.因为杂原子的掺入会显著增强作为主体的碳原子给电子的能力和表面吸附性质,从而对ORR表现出优异的催化活性和稳定性.本文以蔗糖作为碳源,三聚氰胺作为氮源,采用水热法及高温热解法制备了一系列氮掺杂的生物质碳球.并对氮掺杂量及热解温度进行了优化.结果表明,石墨化程度及石墨氮含量的提高,能有效地提高催化剂的活性.在优化了的条件下得到的催化剂N0.1C1.9S-900,表现出了比商业Pt/C催化剂更好的ORR催化性能.在0.1 mol/L KOH中,该催化剂催化ORR的起始电位和半波电位分别为–22.6和–133.6 mV(vs.Ag/AgCl),极限电流密度为4.6 mA/cm~2,分别比商业Pt/C高出7.2 mV,5.9 mV和0.2 mA/cm~2.同时,在经过30000 s的稳定性测试中,N0.1C1.9S-900催化剂的电流损失也远低于Pt/C,表明该催化剂具有良好的稳定性.此外,在抗甲醇毒化实验中,相比于商业Pt/C,N0.1C1.9S-900催化剂对甲醇有更好的耐受性.另外,该催化剂催化的ORR属于高效的4e~–途径.可见,该催化剂作为燃料电池的阴极氧还原反应催化剂具有广阔的前景.