纳米粒子增强聚合物环境稳定性的研究进展

聚合物的老化行为及防老化研究是聚合物材料的基础科学问题和热点领域之一。本文详细介绍了聚合物材料常见的热氧老化和光氧老化的过程和机理、防老化原理和方法、各种抗老化助剂的种类以及评价方法等,重点介绍了本课题组近几年来使用纳米粒子作为抗老化助剂的研究成果,主要包括纳米二氧化硅、纳米二氧化钛和纳米氧化锌等。     

基于纳米氢氧化镁稳定的Pickering乳液悬浮聚合制备盔甲结构聚苯乙烯@氢氧化镁复合微球

以苯乙烯为单体、 偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂、 片状纳米氢氧化镁(MH)为Pickering稳定剂, 采用悬浮聚合法制备盔甲结构的聚苯烯@氢氧化镁(PS@MH)复合微球. 采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 能谱分析(EDS)、 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、 X射线衍射(XRD)、 热失重分析(TGA)和微型燃烧量热分析(MCC)等对PS@MH复合微球进行表征, 确认了其形貌和结构: 纳米氢氧化镁紧密包覆在聚苯乙烯微球表面, 形成了以纳米氢氧化镁为外层、 聚苯乙烯为内球的盔甲结构复合微球; 同时证明了具有盔甲结构的PS@MH复合微球能降低热释放速率, 抑制聚合物的降解. 该方法操作简单, 成本低廉, 制得的盔甲结构PS@MH复合微球粒径尺寸小、 分布窄, 球形度较高.     

分散液相微萃取-气相色谱法测定水样中六种芳香胺

建立了分散液相微萃取-气相色谱同时测定环境水样中氟苯胺等6种芳香胺的方法.确定了色谱条件,在4 min内实现了对6种芳香胺的分离与测定;对萃取剂种类及用量、分散剂种类及用量;水样pH值、NaCl加入量等前处理条件进行了优化,使得水样中6种芳香胺得到了同时提取和富集.在最佳实验条件下,建立了6种物质的工作曲线,其相关系数...     

利用珍珠岩尾粉制备发泡材料

以信阳珍珠岩尾粉、凝灰岩为主要原料,石墨为发泡剂,添加适量废玻璃粉、添加剂,在不同的温度下烧制成发泡材料.利用热分析仪分析了混合料的发泡温度,用x射线衍射仪、压力试验机等对样品进行结构表征和性能测试.结果表明:珍珠岩尾粉凝灰岩发泡材料合适的发泡温度为930?.保温时间为30min,样品密度为0.43g/cm3,抗压强度...     

钛材表面疏水图案化对成骨细胞生长的影响

本文通过共沉淀法合成纳米羟基磷灰石,然后采用电泳沉积法在钛材表面沉积羟基磷灰石涂层,并通过氟硅烷浸泡法构建疏水化图案,对制得的样品采用透射电镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、红外光谱仪、接触角测量仪进行表征,并与成骨细胞共培养,采用MTT、ALP法检测疏水图案对成骨细胞生长的影响。结果表明,本实验成功在钛材表面构建了疏水图案,且这种图案对成骨细胞生长有一定的抑制作用,通过构建不同的疏水图案,可以达到调控成骨细胞生长方向的作用。     

Beam test of a one-dimensional position sensitive chamber on synchrotron radiation

A one-dimensional single-wire chamber was developed to provide high position resolution for powder diffraction experiments with synchrotron radiation. A diffraction test using the sample of SiO₂ has been accomplished at 1W2B laboratory of Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Source. The data of the beam test were analyzed and some diffraction angles were obtained. The experimental results were in good agreement with standard data from ICDD powder diffraction file. The precision of diffraction angles was 1% to 4.7%. Most of the relative errors between measured values of diffraction angles and existing data were less than 1%. As for the detector, the best position resolution in the test was 138 μm (σ value) with an X-ray tube. Finally, discussions of the results were given. The major factor that affected the precision of measurement was deviation from the flat structure of the detector. The effect was analyzed and the conclusion was reached that it would be the optimal measurement scheme when the distance between the powder sample and detector was from 400 mm to 600 mm.     

Solution of the effects of twinning in femtosecond X-ray protein nanocrystallography

With the development of the XFEL (X-ray free electron laser), high quality diffraction patterns from nanocrystals have been achieved. The nanocrystals with different sizes and random orientations are injected to the XFEL beams and the diffraction patterns can be obtained by the so-called "diffraction-and-destruction" mode. The recovery of orientations is one of the most critical steps in reconstructing the 3D structure of nanocrystals. There is already an approach to solve the orientation problem by using the automated indexing software in crystallography. However, this method cannot distinguish the twin orientations in the cases of the symmetries of Bravais lattices higher than the point groups. Here we propose a new method to solve this problem. The shape transforms of nanocrystals can be determined from all of the intensities around the diffraction spots, and then Fourier transformation of a single crystal cell is obtained. The actual orientations of the patterns can be solved by comparing the values of the Fourier transformations of the crystal cell on the intersections of all patterns. This so-called "multiple-common-line" method can distinguish the twin orientations in the XFEL diffraction patterns successfully.     

Parametric optimization method for the design of high-efficiency free-form illumination system with a LED source

A parametric optimization method is proposed in the design of a high-efficiency free-form illumination system.The proposed method is intended to provide rectangular uniform illumination with a light emitting diode(LED) source.An initial illumination system is first constructed and parameterized.The parameters of the initial system are optimized according to actual simulation results,and one design sample is presented.A liquid crystal on silicon(LCoS) micro-projector test module is fabricated and tested based on the design sample.Compared with the conventional micro-projectors using rotational symmetry devices,the micro-projector system designed with the parametric optimization method can send 1.65 times the source power to the LCoS active area with a 4:3 target ratio,and the uniformity reaches 98%.     

基于组合透镜与渐变折射率光纤改进激光器耦合效率的新方法

提出一种利用组合透镜系统与渐变折射率光纤相结合改进激光 器管芯到单模尾纤耦合性能的新方法. 这种方法首先利用组合透镜系统对具有像 散的激光器输出光束进行整形, 然后采用渐变折射率光纤对整形后的光束进行聚焦处理, 并将处理后的的光束耦合进入普通单模光纤. 利用Jones矩阵理论分析表明, 采用这种方法可以得到86%的功率耦合效率, 1 dB插入损耗对应的渐变折射率光纤长度、 横向偏移和倾斜角容差分别为60 μm, 30 μm和2.4°, 且结构简单, 便于操作, 特别适合于大功率激射的激光模块到单模光纤的耦合. 对于提高激光器输出功率, 改善光束质量具有重要意义.     

双光子共振非简并四波混频测量钡原子里德伯态碰撞展宽中的伴线研究

研究了采用双光子共振非简并四波混频技术测量原子里德伯态碰撞展宽时出现的伴线现象, 测量了不同缓冲气压下的钡原子里德伯态6snd ¹D₂ (n=16, 22, 36) 的四波混频谱线, 研究了伴线随主量子数n 的变化曲线以及伴线信号强度随缓冲气压压强的变化曲线, 分析了伴线对NFWM谱线的线宽的影响, 发现考虑伴线对四波混频谱线线宽的贡献, 可以对NFWM模型下测量到的碰撞展宽系数进行修正.