一种探究电容器的“带电荷量与电压关系”的实验

设计了一个简单可行的方法来解决电容器定义式得出的难点.一般都是通过DIS传感器积分的方法来求电荷量.本文通过已知将电压表内阻将电压表两端电压转化为流过电压表的电流,通过q=It通过Excel表格来绘制图像来求解电容器电荷量,通过不同的电容器放电将比较■的比值的物理意义不同.     

含有中心二项式系数以及广义调和数的无穷级数恒等式

该文以两个高斯超几何求和公式为基础,建立一系列关于中心二项式系数和广义调和数的无穷级数恒等式.     

荧光光度法测定饮料中的铅

对荧光光度法测定饮料中的铅进行实验研究,在3.0mol/L盐酸介质中,Pb2 与Cl-形成PbCl2-4配合物,此配合物在紫外光照射时发出蓝色荧光,应用荧光光度计检测出铅的含量.采用HNO3-HClO4混合酸体系(体积比为8:1)消化饮料样品.试验了盐酸用量、显色时间、干扰离子对铅测定的影响.该方法的检出限为9.0×10-3μg/mL,线性范围为0.3～9.0μg/mL,回收率为97.3%～100.2%.     

Experimental demonstration of single-mode fiber coupling using adaptive fiber coupler

Coupling plane wave into a single-mode fiber(SMF) with high and steady coupling efficiency is crucial for fiberbased free-space laser systems, where random angular jitters are the main influencing factors of fiber coupling. In this paper, we verified a new adaptive-optic device named adaptive fiber coupler(AFC) which could compensate angular jitters and improve the SMF coupling efficiency in some degree. Experiments of SMF coupling under the angular jitter situation using AFC have been achieved. Stochastic parallel gradient descent(SPGD) algorithm is employed as the control strategy, of which the iteration rate is 625 Hz. In closed loop, the coupling efficiency keeps above 65% when angular errors are below 80 μrad. The compensation bandwidth is 35 Hz at sine-jitter of 15 μrad amplitude with average coupling efficiency of above 60%. Also, experiments with simulated turbulence have been studied. The average coupling efficiency increases from 31.97% in open loop to 61.33% in closed loop, and mean square error(MSE) of coupling efficiency drops from 7.43% to 1.75%.     

退火温度对高分子薄膜中掺杂小分子的结晶和光谱学响应特性的影响

研究了小分子材料苝(EPPTC)在高分子材料聚芴衍生物(F8BT)薄膜中的结晶特性随温度的变化规律,以及由此引起的两种材料构成的异质结中激发复合体荧光发射特性的变化。实验结果表明,退火温度的升高会加强小分子与高分子材料在固体薄膜中的相分离。而小分子相在析出过程中,会在分子间作用力诱导下发生π—π团聚而结晶。晶体的尺度在达到小分子材料相变温度之前基本上随温度升高而增大。这一过程将破坏异质结结构,减小小分子与高分子间的接触面积,从而降低激发复合体的形成及其荧光发射强度。同时,由高分子向小分子发生的能量转移过程被显著减弱,而小分子晶相的荧光发射成分提高。这对于调控有机半导体异质结结构,进而改善光伏器件性能具有重要意义。     

一种获得高活性和高稳定性甲烷无氧芳构化Mo/HZSM-5催化剂的前处理方法

 利用氢气在较低温度(623 K)下对6%Mo/HZSM-5催化剂进行预处理,考察了经低温还原预处理的催化剂在甲烷无氧芳构化反应中的催化性能. 结果表明,经过预处理的催化剂比未经预处理的催化剂表现出更好的甲烷转化活性和稳定性. 1H MAS NMR和EPR表征结果表明,在623 K氢气气氛中对Mo/HZSM-5催化剂进行预处理不会造成Mo物种在分子筛外表面的进一步分散,也不会导致外表面的Mo物种向孔道内迁移. 但是,低温还原预处理可以有效地促进Mo物种由易还原的六方密堆积结构向难还原的面心立方结构转化,后者在反应中具有更好的活性和稳定性.     

酶催化分光光度法测定过氧化氢

过氧化氢能够氧化茜素红使之褪色,而模拟酶-血红蛋白对其具有催化作用.建立了一种以茜素红为指示剂的过氧化氢一茜素红一血红蛋白酶催化反应体系测定痕量过氧化氢的方法.确定了反应的最佳条件,体系的酸度为pH 9.8的氨水-氯化铵缓冲溶液,最大吸收波长为525 nm.线性范围为3.0×10-7～8.0×10-5mol·L-1,检出限(3s/k)为5.2×10<'-8>mol·L-1,表观摩尔吸光率为1.1×104mol-1·cm-1.该方法可用于雨水及消毒水中过氧化氢含量的测定.并以此样品为基体,测定了方法的平均回收率和相对标准偏差(n=5)依次为100.3%及3.26%.     

Structural and electrical properties of Nd ion modified lead zirconate titanate nanopowders and ceramics

A modified sol-gel method is used for synthesizing Nd ion doped lead zirconate titanate nanopowders Pb_{1 - 3x}/2Nd_xZr₀.52Ti₀.48O₃ (PNZT) in an ethylene glycol system with zirconium nitrate as zirconium source. The results show that it is critical to add lead acetate after the reaction of zirconium nitrate with tetrabutyl titanate in the ethylene glycol system for preparing PNZT with an exact fraction of titanium content. It has been observed that the dopant of excess Nd ions can effectively improve the sintered densification and activity of the PNZT ceramics. Piezoelectric, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of the PNZT ceramics are remarkably enhanced as compared with those of monolithic lead zirconate titanate (PZT). Especially, the supreme values of piezoelectric constant (d₃₃) and dielectric constant (\it ε) for the PNZT are both about two times that of the monolithic PZT and moreover, the remnant polarization (P_r) also increases by 30%. According to the analysis of the structures and properties, we attribute the improvement in electrical properties to the lead vacancies caused by the doping of Nd ions.     

近三年天津市中考化学试卷的研究报告

通过对近三年天津市中考化学试卷的教师问卷调查、学生作答实测及学生学习能力的跟踪调查与分析,提出新课程中考试题的特点为：(1)立足基础强调应用;(2)试题的选材关注社会与自然,提升试题的教育价值;(3)加强对化学实验的过程和方法及相关能力的考查;(4)试题情境趋向人文性,体现真实性。