Mg1-xTixNi(0≤x≤0.4)系列合金的合成及性能研究

采用机械合金化法成功制备了Mg1-xTixNi(0≤x≤0.4)系列三元合金.XRD结构分析表明,不同成分的合金在相同的球磨时间下非晶化程度有所区别,并且合金的非晶化程度随着球磨时间的增加而趋于完全.少量Ti的加入使得该系列合金的电化学性能及循环稳定性都有所提高.在球磨120h的该系列合金中,Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni合金的最大初始放电容量达到356.85mA·h·g-1(100mA·g-1,-0.5Vvs.Hg/HgO),而Mg0.7Ti0.3Ni合金的循环稳定性最好.Ti的加入亦提高了合金的抗腐蚀性能,使其腐蚀电位正移.     

EXTRACTION CHEMISTRY OF RARE EARTHS BY MONO-ALKYL ISOPROPYLPHOSPHONATES

The influence of chemical structure of ester alkyl group of mono-alkyl isopropylphosphonates on the extraction behaviours of rare earth has been studied. The mono-alkyl isopropylphosphonate bearing β-substituted ester alkyl group shows high K_(ex) value, which is evidently depressed, usually in two orders of magnitude, by introducing a branch chain on the α-position of the ester alkyl group. The steric effect of ligand is usually enhanced due to the characteristic lanthanide contraction.z2The extraction chemistry of rare earths by mono-amylnonyl isopropylphosphonates (MANPP) was studied in detail The thermodynamic function was estimated and the "tetrad effect" between K_(ex) value or △G value and atomic number was observed. In addition, the composition and structure of the coordinated compound was studied. As demonstrated by the experimental data, the extractive separation of Sm and Nd by MANPP in chloride solution was better than that in nitrate system.     

溶剂效应与海藻酸钠溶液溶胶-凝胶相转移

以溶质、溶剂间的协同作用作为高分子电解质体系的凝胶化条件，以松软粒子结构（Blob）间的三维修滤过程作为体系的凝胶化模型，从而将高分子电解质体系的凝胶化分为松软粒子的形成和渗滤过程．结合不同浓度海藻酸钠溶液的Ca2＋离子深加体系的凝胶化，分析了高分子电解质溶胶-凝胶相转移的实质，得到了体系相对粘度的临界指数k＝0．90～0．97和相转移的临界点fc与聚合物浓度间的幂次关系fc～c-0.65，明确了临界点附近相对粘度的幂次公式ηrel∝（fc-f）-k的适用范围．     

N—苄基—单氮杂—18—冠—6与稀土（Ⅲ）硝酸盐在无水乙睛溶液中配位反应的量热滴定

用量热滴定法测定了Ｎ—苄基—单氮杂—１８—冠—６与稀土（Ⅲ）硝酸盐（Ｌａ～Ｅｒ，Ｙｂ）在无水乙睛溶液中，２９８．１５Ｋ时配位作用的热力学性质。臂型１８—冠—６对稀土硝酸盐的配位能力从Ｃｃ￣（３＋）到Ｇｄ￣（３＋）依次升高，从Ｇｄ￣（３＋）到Ｔｂ￣（３＋）有所减小。冠醚的Ｎ—苄基取代使得１８员环对Ｇｄ￣（３＋）显示了较强的配位能力和配位选择性。从热力学的观点讨论了冠醚的空腔直径和阳离子半径等对配位稳定性的影响。     

超高效液相色谱法-电化学检测器同时测定大血藤中8种化学成分的含量北大核心CSCD

提出了超高效液相色谱法-电化学检测器(UHPLC-ECD)同时测定大血藤样品中羟基酪醇、原儿茶酸、红景天苷、酪醇、儿茶素、隐绿原酸、绿原酸、表儿茶素含量的方法。称取大血藤样品粉末约1 g,过0.42 mm筛,用30 mL 30%(体积分数)甲醇溶液超声提取10 min,离心,提取液经0.22μm滤膜过滤后进样分析。以Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH Shield RP18色谱柱为固定相,以不同体积比的乙腈-50 mmol·L^(-1)柠檬酸盐缓冲液(pH 2.76)为流动相进行梯度洗脱;设置ECD库仑检测池的第一通道检测电压为350 mV(用于检测羟基酪醇、原儿茶酸、儿茶素、隐绿原酸、绿原酸、表儿茶素),第二通道检测电压为600 mV(用于检测红景天苷、酪醇)。结果显示:8种化学成分的质量浓度在一定范围内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.7~8.5μg·L^(-1);对混合标准溶液或样品溶液进行精密度(n=6)、稳定性(n=7)试验,各目标物峰面积的相对标准偏差均小于5.0%;对实际样品进行加标回收试验,回收率为96.0%~102%。方法用于不同产地的24批大血藤样品分析,其中S15和S18样品中红景天苷和绿原酸均不符合要求。     

Optical Image Contrast Reversal Using Bacteriorhodopsin Films

The implementation of image contrast reversal by using a photochromic material of Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) films is demonstrated with two methods based on the optical properties of BR. One is based on the absorption difference between the B and M states. Images recorded by green light can be contrast reversed readout by violet light. The other is based on the photoinduced anisotropy of BR when it is excited by linear polarization light. By placing the BR film between two crossed polarizers (i.e. a polarizer and an analyser), the difference of polarization states of the recorded area and the unrecorded area can be detected, and thus different contrast images can be obtained by rotating the polarization axis of the analyser.     

Heusler合金Co2TiSn的磁性与输运性能

通过对Heusler合金Co₂TiSn磁性和输运性能的实验研究，发现低场中Co_{2< /sub>TiSn呈现出亚铁磁性；电阻和霍尔电阻率在温度低于8K时均出现异常.同时分析了电输 运的散射机制，并对反常霍尔效应产生的机制进行了探讨. 关键词： Heusler合金 磁性 输运性能}     

1897年10月：电子的发现

19世纪中叶的科学家在巡回各地演讲时,都会用一个被认为是霓虹灯始祖的装置来取悦观众。他们会取出一个两端都嵌有电线的玻璃管,将管内大部分的空气抽出,并加上高压,这样玻璃管内就会闪出可爱的荧光图案。科学家原本认为霓虹光是阴极放出的某些射线所产生的,但最后是由一位在剑桥大学卡文迪许实验室的英国教授所做的基本研究解开了此谜底。