Mapping mouse gamete interaction forces reveal several oocyte membrane regions with different mechanical and adhesive properties

This study focuses on the interaction involved in the adhesion of mouse gametes and on the mechanical properties of the oocyte membrane. The oocyte has an asymmetrical shape, and its membrane is composed of two distinct areas. One is rich in microvilli, and the other is smoother and without microvilli. With a biomembrane force probe (BFP) adapted to cell-cell measurements, we have quantified the separation forces between a spermatozoon and an oocyte. Microvillar and amicrovillar areas of the oocyte surface have been systematically probed and compared. In addition to a substantial difference in the elastic stiffness of these two regions, the experiments have revealed the presence of two types of membrane domains with different mechanical and adhesive properties, both distributed over the entire oocyte surface (i.e., in both microvillar and amicrovillar regions). If gamete contact occurs in the first type of domain, then the oocyte membrane deforms only elastically under traction. The pull-off forces in these domains are higher in the amicrovillar region. For a spermatozoon contact with the other type of domain, there can be a transition from the elastic to viscoelastic regime, and then tethers are extruded from the oocyte membrane.     

CALCULATION OF HIGHLY EXCITED VIBRATIONAL ENERGY LEVELS OF CH3CN MOLECULE BY NON-LINEAR QUANTUM THEORY

A three-parameter nonlinear dynamical model, i.e., the quantized discrete self-trapping equation, was used to calculate the highly excited CH stretching vibrational energy levels of liquid phase CH₃CN molecule in the electronic ground state up to n=7. The calculated results show that the experimental energy levels can be well described by the model.     

Probing the lateral organization of membranes: fluorescence repercussions of pyrene probe distribution

Phospholipids pyrene labeled are widely used to investigate dynamics and organizations of membranes. We studied pyrene probe lateral distribution by analyzing the variations of the molar absorption coefficient (epsilon) versus probe concentrations, in small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) made of phospholipids and/or glycolipids, with pyrene labeled phosphatidylcholine (PyPC) or phosphatidylglycerol (PyPG). The results were interpreted according to an infinite associative model. They indicated that an effective self-association process corresponding to K ranging from 30 to 100 M(-1) occurred with those probes incorporated in dimannosyl diacylglycerol (DMDG). In contrast, after SUV labeling of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (EggPC) or phosphatidylglycerol (EggPG), K values < 1 M(-1) were determined. The corresponding percentages of various stacked forms of pyrene probes were calculated. They indicated that, for a 3% PyPG labeling, the monomer represented 21% of n-mers in DMDG and 94% in EggPC. The analysis of fluorescence experiments carried out on the same samples indicated that: (i) the fluorescence process of pyrene probes was generated by the monomers: and (ii) the excimer forming resulted from a diffusional encounter between one excited and one non-excited monomer. A correction of fluorescence data allowing a more correct interpretation of fluorescence measurements was proposed.     

慢电子与H2O分子弹性碰撞截面的计算

我们用H_2O分子的单中心类氖波函数推导了投射电子与H_2O分子之间相互作用势的解析表达式,其中包含了投射电子与H_2O分子间的静电库仑相互作用、极化作用及交换作用。我们应用上述解析表达式计算了投射电子在H_2O分子场中运动的畸变波函数、分波相移(l≤5)分波截面、总截面,动量转移截面及微分散射截面。     

我国原子与分子物理的发展

本文概述了我国原子与分子物理的发展历史和现状．新中国成立以前，我国老一代物理学家为我国原子和分子物理的发展作出了重大贡献，培养了一批优秀人才；新中国成立以后，结合实际需要，开展了原子与分子物理的研究，促进了原子与分子物理的发展，特别是在１９７７年制订了原子与分子物理发展规划后，开始走上有计划有组织的发展阶段，原于与分子物理获得迅速发展．     

高密度氢气的分子间相互作用与状态方程

本文从高密度氢气的分子间相互作用出发进行分析,在修改范德瓦耳方程的基础上,提出了一种新的适用于高密度氢气的状态方程,并用来系统地计算了氢气在临界区的等温压缩线.在缺乏实验数据的情况下,这些理论计算结果很有用.     

A NONLINEAR MODEL FOR HIGHLY EXCITED VIBRATIONAL ENERGY LEVELS OF SILANE

The highly excited vibrational energy levels of SiH stretches of silane SiH₄ in the electronic ground state are calculated using a three-parameter nonlinear model, i.e., the quantized discrete self-trapping equation. The obtained results are in good agreements with the experimental data and with those obtained from local mode calculations of others. We note that SiH₄ molecule is a typical molecule close to the local mode limit, and that when n≥3, the molecule could be thought of as vibrating with the four SiH stretching quanta trapped into a single SiH bond.     

用离子重叠-压缩模型对碱金属氢化物晶体中的H-离子压缩规律的研究

 利用离子重叠-压缩模型以及晶体结合能的变分计算方法，计算了碱金属氢化物LiH、NaH和KH晶体中描述H^-离子状态的参数β及其相对离子半径随压力的变化规律。得到的结果表明，未加外压力时，晶体中的H^-离子相对其孤立状态就已明显被压缩，而且压缩变化规律几乎与具体的晶体结构无关。这两点结论物理上都是合理的，并间接被同时得到的物态方程及结构相变压力的理论值与实验结果符合得非常好这一事实所证实。     

物理力学的发展与展望

<正> 1 物理力学的提出与建立 物理力学是著名力学家钱学森于50年代初提出和建立起来的一门新兴学科。他编写了这方面的专著《物理力学讲义》,开创了这门学科的发展道路。物理力学的一些内容虽早已分散在其他学科中作了研究,但集中起来进行系统深入的研究,当成一门新兴学科加以发展,还是钱学森首先提出来的。这对力学的发展和现代化起了很大的推动作用。     

高压类氢原子的能量与极化率计算

 为了探讨压力对类氢原子结构与性能的影响，本文采用类氢原子关闭在一半径为r₀的球壳内的模型，计算其能量与极化率随球壳半径r₀与相应压力的变化规律，给出了数值表和相应的曲线。