基于高阶矩的稳健优化设计研究

采用随机响应量的前四阶统计矩来度量目标函数和概率约束条件的稳健性, 通过引入“权重因子”来确定新构造的目标函数中原 函数和敏感系数的比重, 利用加权组合法将稳健优化设计这一多目标优化问题转化为单目标问题, 从而建立新的基于高阶矩的稳健优化设计数学模型. 矩估计方法可高效地评估目标函数和概率约束条件的统计矩, 且不需要搜索技术, 因此不构成嵌套循环(即稳健优化过程是单循环的), 从而可以大大降低优化的计算工作量. 对多个桁架结构进行了确定性优化设计、可靠性优化设计、传统的和该文所提的稳健优化设计, 验证了所建立的基于高阶矩的稳健优化设计数学模型的合理性和正确性, 比较并解释了计算所得的优化结果.     

Numerical investigation of gain characteristics of Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped fiber amplifiers

In this work, a model for analyzing the gain characteristics of heavily Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ co-doped compact fiber amplifier is presented. Four-level rate equations and finite-difference beam propagation method are applied to simulate the optical field evolution along the active fiber. Based on this model, the influences of ion concentration, fiber length and pump power on the gain characteristics of Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ co-doped phosphate glass fiber amplifiers are theoretically investigated. Numerical results show that for a fiber length of 3.6 cm the internal gain can reach 27.2 dB with N _Er = 2.6 × 10²⁶ ions/m³ and N _Yb = 1.2 × 10²⁷ ions/m³ when pumped with 224 mW at 980 nm. The gain per centimeter is 7.56 dB/cm. The results can provide useful information to optimize the gain performance of these compact fiber amplifiers.     

Moving least squares based sensitivity analysis for models with dependent variables

For models with dependent input variables, sensitivity analysis is often a troublesome work and only a few methods are available. Mara and Tarantola in their paper (“Variance-based sensitivity indices for models with dependent inputs”) defined a set of variance-based sensitivity indices for models with dependent inputs. We in this paper propose a method based on moving least squares approximation to calculate these sensitivity indices. The new proposed method is adaptable to both linear and nonlinear models since the moving least squares approximation can capture severe change in scattered data. Both linear and nonlinear numerical examples are employed in this paper to demonstrate the ability of the proposed method. Then the new sensitivity analysis method is applied to a cantilever beam structure and from the results the most efficient method that can decrease the variance of model output can be determined, and the efficiency is demonstrated by exploring the dependence of output variance on the variation coefficients of input variables. At last, we apply the new method to a headless rivet model and the sensitivity indices of all inputs are calculated, and some significant conclusions are obtained from the results.     

Manipulation of resonant tunneling by substrate-induced inhomogeneous energy band gaps in graphene with square superlattice potentials

We investigate the resonant transmission of Dirac electrons through inhomogeneous band gap graphene with square superlattice potentials by transfer matrix method. The effects of the incident angle of the electrons, Fermi energy and substrate-induced Dirac gaps on the transmission are considered. It is found that the Dirac gap of graphene adds another degree of freedom with respect to the incident angle, the Fermi energy and the parameters of periodic superlattice potentials (i.e., the number, width and height of the barriers) for the transmission. In particular, the inhomogeneous Dirac gap induced by staggered substrates can be used to manipulate the transmission. The properties of the conductance and Fano factor at the resonant peaks are found to be affected by the gaps significantly. The results may be helpful for the practical application of graphene-based electronic devices.     

INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATION OF IMPORTANCE ANALYSIS INDICES FOR MODEL WITH CORRELATED INPUTS

为了根据不同需求找到输入变量相关情况下最优重要性测度分析方法,非常有必要对现有重要性测度方法之间的关系进行探究比较. 分别以不含交叉项和包含交叉项的二次多项式输出模型为例,解析推导了相关正态输入变量情况下基于协方差分解的重要性测度指标,包括总贡献、结构贡献和相关贡献. 进一步以所推导的解析结论为基础,理论推导了传统基于方差的重要性测度指标与基于协方差分解的重要性测度指标之间的关系.并从特殊二次多项式模型的研究结果对一般模型做出推断,然后从高维模型分解的角度验证所推断的结论,并详细阐述了不同重要性测度指标的优缺点. 最后结合具体算例深入地分析了各指标之间的关系,为输入变量相关情况下结构性能对输入特性的重要性分析与工程设计提供指导.     

多项式输出中相关变量的重要性测度分析

为了解决一般工程问题中输出量为多项式情况下相关正态输入变量的贡献识别问题, 以二次不含交叉项的多项输出量为例, 利用多维相关正态分布及其条件分布的性质, 解析地推导了相关正态输入变量对输出量总方差的独立贡献及相关贡献, 采用算例验证了所推导的解析表达式的正确性. 文中所推导的相关正态变量独立贡献和相关贡献的表达式可直接用于输出量为二次不含交叉项多项式或一次多项式情况下的输入变量贡献的识别,并且为其他新的算法提供了对照解, 另外此方法亦可以推广至含交叉项的高阶多项式, 解决更为复杂输出量情况下输入量的贡献识别问题.      

模糊分布参数条件下结构系统的近似效应分析

针对结构系统中随机变量的分布参数具有不确定性的问题, 采用模糊数来描述分布参数的主观不确定性, 并且利用隶属度来衡量主观不确定性的大小. 在不同隶属度水平下, 分别建立了输出响应和失效概率的主效应和总效应模型, 研究了两种模型和隶属度水平之间的关系, 并且给出分布参数不确定性的平均效应指标. 针对所提指标计算量大的问题, 通过对输出响应的各阶矩进行一阶泰勒展开, 建立了两种指标的计算方法. 算例结果验证了所提指标的合理性和所提方法的高效性.     

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在研究矩独立基本变量对响应分布影响的重要性测度的基础上,定义了基本变量对失效概率 的重要性测度. 基本变量对失效概率的重要性测度可以直接全面地给出基本变量对结构安全 影响的重要程度,因而该重要性测度将更具有工程指导作用. 文中分析了所定义基本变量对 失效概率影响重要性测度的基本性质,并基于鞍点线抽样在求解可靠度时不受随机变量分布 形式的限制及其效率和精度较高的优点,提出了求解该重要性测度的鞍点线抽样方法.     

Effects of Ce on the spectroscopic properties of transparent phosphate glass ceramics co-doped with Er/Yb

We have prepared Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ co-doped transparent phosphate glass ceramics by the high-temperature melting technique, and demonstrated the influence of energy acceptors Ce³⁺ ions on the up-conversion and 1.54 μm emission properties of Er³⁺. The energy transfer mechanism is discussed based on the energy matching and the energy level structure. The phonon-assisted energy transfer between Er³⁺ and Ce³⁺ favors population feeding from the ⁴I_11/2 to the ⁴I_13/2 level, and therefore drastically decreases the up-conversion emission intensity of Er³⁺. Meanwhile, 1.54 μm fluorescence enhances greatly with the introduction of Ce³⁺ ions at the proper concentration.     

结构可靠度计算中的描述性抽样法

本文提出描述性抽样方法的实质，即利用更少的时间抽取更多的服从要求概率分布的样本点，讨论了该方法的计算步骤和适用范围，并将描述性抽样方法与重要抽样方法结合起来计算多变量多模式的结构失效概率，比较了描述性抽样方法与一般抽样法的方差，算例结果表明描述性抽样方法具有较好的收敛性．