Statistical Entropy of Black Hole without Truncation Factor

The scatting probability of scalar particles near the event horizon is obtained by solving Klein-Gordon equation in curved space-time. By considering the reaction of a black hole radiation in space-time background, we find that Hawking radiation is not a strictly pure thermal-spectrum and scatting probability is related to the B-H entropy change of black hole. The statistical entropy of black hole is calculated based on the relations between entropy and thermodynamic probability of a macroscopic state in statistical equilibrium. The results show that the statistical entropy of black hole without using any truncation factor is proportional to the area of event horizon.     

Meson Effect in the Proto Neutron Star PSR J0348+0432

The effect of mesons f ₀(975) (named as f), ?(1020) (named as ?) and δ on the moment of inertia of the PNS PSR J0348+0432 is examined in the framework of the relativistic mean field theory considering the baryon octet. It is found that the energy density ε and pressure p will increase considering the mesons δ whereas will decrease as the mesons f and ? being considered. When the mesons f,? and δ are considered, the energy density and pressure will all decrease. It is also found that the contribution of mesons f, ? and δ to the central energy density is only the central energy density’s 0.06 ～0.6% whereas the contribution of mesons f, ? and δ to the central pressure is the central pressure’s 4 ～7%. For the radius, it will decrease when the contributions of mesons f, ? and δ are considered. The moment of inertia I will increase considering the mesons δ whereas will decrease as the mesons f and ? being considered. When the mesons f, ? and δ are all considered, the moment of inertia will decrease. It is found that the contribution of mesons f and ? to moment of inertia is 4 ～9 times larger than that of mesons δ. Our results show that the mesons f, ? and δ contribute to the moment of inertia’s 2 ～5%.     

Metal Quinolates as Phosphors for PC-LED Applications

Metal quinolates, Liq Alq₃ Znq₂ Mgq₂ exhibit efficient luminescence in blue green region and find applications as emission layer in OLEDs. In most of these quinolates the excitation spectra are broad in the range 350 to 410 nm, just short of emission spectra of efficient GaN based blue LEDs. In this paper we report metal quinolates synthesized by slightly modified method in which the excitation gets extended beyond 450 nm so that there is better overlap between emission spectra of blue LED and the excitation spectra. Therefore these phosphors may be used for PC-LED applications.     

A Ratiometric and near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe for Imaging Cu<Superscript>2+</Superscript> in Living Cells and Animals

We have rationally constructed a novel ratiometric and near-infrared Cu²⁺ fluorescent probe based on a tricarbocyanine chromophore. The new probe NIR-Cu showed a ratiometric fluorescent response to Cu²⁺ with a large emission wavelength shift (up to 142 nm) in the far-red to near-infrared region. The probe also displayed a large variation in the fluorescence ratio (I₆₃₆/I₇₇₈) to Cu²⁺ species with high sensitivity and selectivity. Additionally, the developed probe NIR-Cu was suitable for fluorescence imaging of Cu²⁺ in living cells and mice.     

Novel Fluorometric Turn On Detection of Aluminum by Chalcone-Based Chemosensor in Aqueous Phase

A novel, 100% water-soluble chalcone based chemosensing receptor {1-[3-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-3-oxo-propenyl]-naphthalen-2-yloxy}-acetic acid, L was synthesized and characterized. The receptor L is designed based on the chelation enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) mechanism. The chemosensing properties of L were evaluated by UV–vis and fluorescence spectrometric methods. It exhibits highly selective recognition ability towards aluminum ions in water over other metal ions. The binding stoichiometry of L? Al³⁺ complex is 2:1 by means of Job’s plot and the detection limit is 5.66?×?10^??8 M.     

Study on the Interaction of the CpG Alternating DNA with CdTe Quantum Dots

A novel sensitive method for detection of DNA methylation was developed with thioglycollic acid (TGA)-capped CdTe quantum dots (QDs) as fluorescence probes. Recognition of methylated DNA sites would be useful strategy due to the important roles of methylation in disease occurrence and developmental processes. DNA methylation occurs most often at cytosine-guanine sites (CpG dinucleotides) of gene promoters. The QDs significantly interacted with hybridized unmethylated and methylated DNA. The interaction of CpG rich methylated and unmethylated DNA hybrid with quantum dots as an optical probe has been investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy and electrophoresis assay. The fluorescence intensity of QDs was highly dependent to unmethylated and methylated DNA. Specific site of CpG islands of Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), a well-studied tumor suppressor gene, was used as the detection target. Under optimum conditions, upon the addition of unmethylated dsDNA, the fluorescence intensity increased in linear range from 1.0?×?10^??10 to 1.0?×?10^??6M with detection limit of 6.2?×?10^??11 M and on the other hand, the intensity of QDs showed no changes with addition of methylated dsDNA. We also demonstrated that the unmethylated and methylated DNA and QDs complexes showed different mobility in electrophoresis assay. This easy and reliable method could distinguish between methylated and unmethylated DNA sequences.     

High-Power Diode-End-Pumped Slab Composite Tm:YLF Compact Laser

We design a continuous-wave Tm:YLF laser with a composite slab crystal end-pumped by two fiber-coupled laser diodes at room temperature. We achieve a maximum continuous wave output power of 105 W for the bonded slab Tm:YLF laser; the corresponding slope efficiency is 47.7% and the optical-to-optical conversion efficiency is 42.0% with respect to the incident pump power. The laser operated at 1,907.5 nm with a beam quality factor of M² ～3.2 at the highest output power.     

Shock Fluctuations for the Hammersley Process

We consider the Hammersley interacting particle system starting from a shock initial profile with densities \(\rho ,\lambda \in {\mathbb R}\) (\( \rho < \lambda \)). The microscopic shock is taken as the position of a second-class particle initially at the origin, and the main results are: (i) a central limit theorem for the shock; (ii) the variance of the shock equals \(2[\lambda \rho (\lambda - \rho )]^{-1}t + O(t^{2/3})\). By using the same method of proof, we also prove similar results for first-class particles.     

Emergent <Emphasis Type=Italic>SO</Emphasis>(3) Symmetry of the Frictionless Shear Jamming Transition

We study the shear jamming of athermal frictionless soft spheres, and find that in the thermodynamic limit, a shear-jammed state exists with different elastic properties from the isotropically-jammed state. For example, shear-jammed states can have a non-zero residual shear stress in the thermodynamic limit that arises from long-range stress-stress correlations. As a result, the ratio of the shear and bulk moduli, which in isotropically-jammed systems vanishes as the jamming transition is approached from above, instead approaches a constant. Despite these striking differences, we argue that in a deeper sense, the shear jamming and isotropic jamming transitions actually have the same symmetry, and that the differences can be fully understood by rotating the six-dimensional basis of the elastic modulus tensor.     

Artificial Spin-Ice and Vertex Models

In classical and quantum frustrated magnets the interactions in combination with the lattice structure impede the spins to order in optimal configurations at zero temperature. The theoretical interest in their classical realisations has been boosted by the artificial manufacture of materials with these properties, that are of flexible design. This note summarises work on the use of vertex models to study bidimensional spin-ices samples, done in collaboration with R. A. Borzi, M. V. Ferreyra, L. Foini, G. Gonnella, S. A. Grigera, P. Guruciaga, D. Levis, A. Pelizzola and M. Tarzia, in recent years. It is an invited contribution to a J. Stat. Mech. special issue dedicated to the memory of Leo P. Kadanoff.