持续推进人才培养基地建设实现化学创新人才高质量培养

吉林大学化学学科自建立伊始,以创新型化学及相关交叉学科人才为根本目标,历经1993年开始的国家理科基础科学研究和教学人才培养基地建设、2009年开始的“基础学科拔尖学生培养试验计划”实施、2020年的“基础学科拔尖学生培养计划2.0基地”建设与基础学科招生改革试点(强基计划)的实施,通过近30年化学基地的持续建设,形成了具有吉大特色的以“厚基础、强能力、会创新”的化学创新人才培养模式。围绕基地持续建设过程中如何针对学科发展以及学生知识结构的变化,不断推进拔尖班、强基班的教学管理模式与课程体系建设,打造高水平师资队伍、加大优质课程建设、探索国家化培养模式等进行介绍。     

基于毕业学生的信息追踪与反馈机制提高教学管理效率与人才培养质量

学生是教育的受体,学生的意见在推进课程建设、教学改革以及提升人才培养质量等方面具有重要的指导和借鉴意义。秉承立德树人的理念,以服务学生成长发展为核心,育人成果为导向,探讨做好教育的实施主体和接受主体之间互相反馈的机制和模式,对不断推动教学改革向高效率和高质量方向发展具有重要意义。着重探讨了化学学院做好毕业生信息追踪的具体路径和意见反馈模式。     

德国有机化学实验项目式教学实践与启示*——以康斯坦茨大学为例

对德国康斯坦茨大学的本科有机化学实验初级阶段和高级阶段的教学方式,从实验前准备、实验内容、实验教学模式、实验考核方式、实验室安全管理等方面进行了综合阐述,可为我国高校相关专业有机化学实验教学与改革提供参考,提高教学质量。     

高中化学新手熟手专家教师教学策略知识比较*

以“原电池”教学主题为载体自编调查问卷,选取河北省90位在职高中化学教师进行教学策略知识(Knowledge of instructional strategies,简称KoIS)测查。应用单因素方差分析与多重比较LSD法,从教学策略与表征的选择、应用、调整、反馈以及评价等5个维度对新手、熟手和专家教师KoIS之间的差异及其表现特征进行了比较和分析,并据此提出相关建议,为促进高中化学教师KoIS水平提升提供借鉴和参考。     

新工科背景下大型仪器培训体系的创新与实践——以扫描电镜为例

针对传统大型仪器培训体系存在的定位不准、内容不足、方案陈旧等局限性,结合“新工科”人才培养理念,围绕开放共享、科研导向、育人为本、安全高效的大型仪器培训方针,充分挖掘大型仪器设备的资源价值,释放科技资源潜力,初步建立了以扫描电镜为主体的远程培训、实体培训、应用培训、动态监管“四位一体”的新型大型仪器培训体系,形成了一个闭环的、高效的大型仪器培训管理模式,具有一定的推广和借鉴价值。     

Structure and Performance Modulation of Self-Adhesive SIS/C5 Electrospun Membranes for Transdermal Drug Delivery北大核心CSCD

Electrospun membranes are widely utilized to enhance the water vapor permeability and drug delivery performance of transdermal drug delivery patches. Due to the lack of adhesion property,however,most of them cannot closely contact with skin,which impedes the delivery of drugs to the skin,thus affecting the transdermal administration. C5 resin is used to endow poly（styrene isoprene styrene）（SIS）electrospun membranes with pressure-sensitive adhesion property. Investigation is performed on how to control the structure,adhesion properties and drug delivery performance of SIS/C5 electrospun membranes loaded with synthetic capsaicin via compositions,drugs and electrospinning conditions. The results demonstrate that the electrospun membrane with a SIS/C5 ratio of 2∶1 has excellent water vapor permeability（7. 17×10－3 g/（h·cm2）and adhesion properties（180（°）peel strength is 0. 2 kN/m,tack force is 0. 64 N/cm2 ,holding power is greater than 7 days）. The synthetic capsaicin has good compatibility with the SIS/C5 electrospun membranes,in which no drug crystallizes and the drug loading is beneficial to improve the water vapor permeability. As the drug loading is 8%,the tack force is 0. 6～0. 8 N/cm2 ,the 180（°）peel strength is 0. 2～0. 3 kN/m,the holding power is greater than 7 days,and no residue is left during peeling tests. In vitro drug release indicates that the drug has a behavior of sustained release with a 24-hour cumulative release rate of greater than 50% for all SIS/ C5 electrospun membranes,meeting the requirements of transdermal drug delivery patches. © 2022, Science Press (China). All rights reserved.     

Preparation and Properties of Poly（ether ether ketone）/Carbon Nanotube Modified Polypropylene Janus Composite Separator北大核心CSCD

Lithium-ion batteries （LIBs）have attracted wide attention because of their broad prospects in electric vehicles. However,the safety problems and low multiplier performance of the commercial polyolefin separator limit their further development,due to the poor dimensional thermal stability and low electrolyte absorption rate. Poly（ether ether ketone）（PEEK）and carbon nanotube（CNT）are compounded to coat on polypropylene （PP） to prepare Janus composite separator （PP@C） through the phase inversion method. PP@C composite separator does not deform at 180 ℃ for 0. 5 h（only slight deformation）,illustrating excellent thermal stability. The electrolyte absorption rate of PP@C2 is 193. 8%. The electrolyte uptake rate of the PP@C2 composite membrane was 193. 8%,which was 64. 5% higher than the PP membrane,showing a superduper electrolyte permeability. As a result,the specific discharge capacity of LIBs assembled with PP@C2 composite separator is 157. 6 mA·h/g at 0. 2 C and 129. 8 mA·h/g at 2 C,showing good rate performance with the capacity recovery rate of more than 99%. This might be attributed to the ultra-high thermal stability of PEEK,the good affinity of the electrolyte,the high conductivity of CNT,as well as the uniform dispersion of Li+ ,so that the separator can have excellent electrochemical performance while improving safety. © 2022, Science Press (China). All rights reserved.     

免疫亲和柱净化-超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法高灵敏测定尿液和血浆中3种鹅膏毒肽

建立了超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱高灵敏测定尿液和血浆中α-鹅膏毒肽、β-鹅膏毒肽和γ-鹅膏毒肽的方法。经过免疫亲和柱净化,尿液样品浓缩20倍、血浆样品浓缩10倍,以Kinetex Biphenyl色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm)作为分析柱,甲醇-0.005%(v/v)甲酸水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱分离,电喷雾电离、负离子、多反应监测模式下检测,外标法定量。3种鹅膏毒肽的线性范围为0.1~200 ng/mL,相关系数(r)>0.999。尿液和血浆中3种鹅膏毒肽的基质效应和提取回收率分别为92%~108%和90%~103%,变异系数均小于13%。尿液中3种鹅膏毒肽的准确度为-9.4%~8.0%,重复性和中间精度分别为3.0%~14%和3.5%~18%,当取样量为2.00 mL时,方法的检出限均为0.002 ng/mL;血浆中3种鹅膏毒肽的准确度为-13%~8.0%,重复性和中间精度分别为3.9%~9.7%和5.5%~12%,当取样量为1.00 mL时,方法的检出限均为0.004 ng/mL。该法操作简单、灵敏、准确,已在中毒患者摄入野生蘑菇后138 h的尿液中检出0.0067 ng/mL α-鹅膏毒肽和0.0059 ng/mL β-鹅膏毒肽。该法已成功解决中毒患者尿液和血浆中超痕量鹅膏毒肽的检测难题,对于疑似中毒病人的早诊断、早治疗、降低死亡率都具有非常重要意义,也为今后开展此类毒素毒理作用及机体代谢规律的研究提供了可靠的技术支撑。     

微波消解-高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱 (HR-ICP-MS)法测定煤炭中35种痕量金属元素

高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱可以区分干扰元素和目标元素微弱的质量数差别,能解决大多数多原子、氧化物干扰问题,在煤炭痕量元素分析领域受到关注,但煤炭样品中痕量金属元素尤其是稀土元素受到的质谱干扰挑战未被系统地报道.采用HNO3-HF混酸微波消解煤炭样品,优化了消解时间、赶酸、复溶等前处理条件,研究了煤炭中V、Cr、Mn、C...     

浙江省国产科研仪器发展现状分析及对策

采用网络调查法,由浙江科技大脑、巨潮资讯网、浙江省大型科研仪器开放共享平台分别获取了浙江省国产仪器研制项目立项情况、全国仪器仪表行业A股上市企业情况及浙江省国产科研仪器应用现状,并对获取的数据进行了分析,进而梳理了浙江省国产科研仪器发展现状,指出了目前存在的问题,提出了相应的对策建议.