新显色剂N－辛基－N＇－（氨基对苯磺酸钠）硫脲（OPT）与铜（Ⅱ）显色反应的研究和应用

Ｎ－辛基－Ｎ＇－（氨基对苯磺酸钠）硫脲是新合成的一种显色剂，该试剂极易溶于水而形成无色溶液。在ｐＨ３．６～５．２的ＨＡｃ－ＮａＡｃ缓冲体系中，试剂与铜（Ⅱ）形成一种稳定的蓝色水溶性配合物，其组成比为：Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）：ＯＰＴ＝１：３。配合物的最大吸收波长位于３０１．４ｎｍ，表观摩尔吸光系数ε＿（３０１．４）＝１．８２×１０￣５Ｌ·ｍｏｌ￣（－１）·ｃｍ￣（－１）。Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）在０～１０μｇ／２５ｍＬ服从比尔定律，相关系数ｒ＝０．９９９６，方法的检出限为３．８５×１０￣（－９）ｇ／ｍＬ。本法灵敏度高，选择性好、操作简单，可直接在水相中测定。将本法用于合金钢和生物制品中微量铜的测定，均获得满意结果。     

Nitrosonium (NO) initiated and cation radical-mediated imino Diels-Alder reaction

An efficient aza-Diels-Alder reaction of N-arylimines with N-vinylpyrrolidinone was achieved using nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate as a cation radical initiator, giving cis-4-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)tetrahydroquinolines in various yields.     

SPSS软件对铁矿中微量元素含量的统计分析

利用SPSS软件从统计学描述、正态分布检验、回归和相关分析、聚类分析和因子分析等方面对铁矿中微量元素含量特点进行了研究。分析结果表明:根据抽样样本,铁矿中11种微量元素含量均不符合正态分布特征,异常值分布矿种相对集中,重金属和硫及卤素之间的相关程度高,同时根据因子综合得分对矿种进行了分类,为铁矿品质评价和合理利用提供了一定的参考。     

Active control of flow past an elliptic cylinder using an artificial neural network trained by deep reinforcement learning

The active control of flow past an elliptical cylinder using the deep reinforcement learning (DRL) method is conducted. The axis ratio of the elliptical cylinder $\Gamma$ varies from 1.2 to 2.0, and four angles of attack $\alpha=0^\circ, 15^\circ, 30^\circ$, and $45^\circ$ are taken into consideration for a fixed Reynolds number $Re=100$. The mass flow rates of two synthetic jets imposed on different positions of the cylinder $\theta_1$ and $\theta_2$ are trained to control the flow. The optimal jet placement that achieves the highest drag reduction is determined for each case. For a low axis ratio ellipse, i.e., $\Gamma=1.2$, the controlled results at $\alpha=0^\circ$ are similar to those for a circular cylinder with control jets applied at $\theta_1=90^\circ$ and $\theta_2=270^\circ$. It is found that either applying the jets asymmetrically or increasing the angle of attack can achieve a higher drag reduction rate, which, however, is accompanied by increased fluctuation. The control jets elongate the vortex shedding, and reduce the pressure drop. Meanwhile, the flow topology is modified at a high angle of attack. For an ellipse with a relatively higher axis ratio, i.e., $\Gamma\ge1.6$, the drag reduction is achieved for all the angles of attack studied. The larger the angle of attack is, the higher the drag reduction ratio is. The increased fluctuation in the drag coefficient under control is encountered, regardless of the position of the control jets. The control jets modify the flow topology by inducing an external vortex near the wall, causing the drag reduction. The results suggest that the DRL can learn an active control strategy for the present configuration.     

Ni(naph)_2/A1R_3/BF_3·OEt_2/DMEA/OctOH体系催化丁二烯配位聚合

在Ni(naph)2-AlR3-(BF3·OEt2)催化体系(简称Ni-Al-B)用于丁二烯(Bd)/己烷进行配位聚合体系中引入N,N-二甲基乙醇胺(DMEA)和辛醇(OctOH),研究了DMEA/Ni摩尔比、B/Ni摩尔比和Al/Ni摩尔比对Bd聚合转化率、聚丁二烯(PB)产物的特性黏数、分子量、分子量分布及微观结构的影响,进一步探讨聚合反应动力学.结果表明,在镍系催化丁二烯聚合体系中引入一定量的DMEA和OctOH后,可以提高顺-1,4微观结构含量至97.8%,降低1,2-微观结构含量至约1.3%,提高分子量,使分子量分布变窄,并降低凝胶含量.进一步通过调节B/Ni及Al/Ni摩尔比值,可得到[η]为2.0～4.0dL/g的高顺式PB.聚合速率对单体浓度呈现一级动力学关系,表观增长活化能为43.7kJ·mol-1。     

Surface Iron Species in Palladium–Iron Intermetallic Nanocrystals that Promote and Stabilize CO2 Methanation

It is of pivotal importance to develop efficient catalysts and investigate the intrinsic mechanism for CO₂ methanation. Now, it is reported that PdFe intermetallic nanocrystals afforded high activity and stability for CO₂ methanation. The mass activity of fct‐PdFe nanocrystals reached 5.3 mmol g^?1 h^?1, under 1 bar (CO₂:H₂=1:4) at 180 °C, being 6.6, 1.6, 3.3, and 5.3 times as high as that of fcc‐PdFe nanocrystals, Ru/C, Ni/C, and Pd/C, respectively. After 20 rounds of successive reaction, 98 % of the original activity was retained for PdFe intermetallic nanocrystals. Further mechanistic studies revealed that PdFe intermetallic nanocrystals enabled the maintenance of metallic Fe species via a reversible oxidation–reduction process in CO₂ methanation. The metallic Fe in PdFe intermetallic nanocrystals induced the direct conversion of CO₂ into CO* as the intermediate, contributing to the enhanced activity.     

Size‐ and Halide‐Dependent Auger Recombination in Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals

Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) hold strong promise for a variety of light‐harvesting, emitting, and detecting applications, all of which, however, could be complicated by multicarrier Auger recombination. Therefore, complete documentation of the size‐ and composition‐dependent Auger recombination rates of these NCs is highly desirable, as it can guide system design in many applications. Herein we report the synthesis and Auger measurements of monodisperse APbX₃ (A=Cs and FA; X=Cl, Br, and I) NCs in an extensive size range (ca. 3–9 nm). The biexciton Auger lifetime of all the NCs scales linearly with the NC volume. The scaling coefficient is virtually independent of the cation but rather depends sensitively on the anion, and is 0.035, 0.085, and 0.142 ps nm^?3 for Cl, Br, and I, respectively. In all of these nanocrystals the Auger recombination is much faster than in standard CdSe and PbSe NCs (ca. 1 ps nm^?3).     

In situ synthesis of a novel transparent poly (methyl methacrylate) resin with markedly enhanced flame retardancy

A novel phosphorus‐containing monomer, (6‐oxido‐6H‐dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinin‐6‐yl)methyl acrylate (DOPO‐AA), is first synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ³¹P NMR. The monomer is then introduced into poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix via in situ copolymerization to produce a new PMMA based copolymer (PMMA/DOPO‐AA). From UV–vis spectra, microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) results, the as‐fabricated PMMA/DOPO‐AA copolymers not only keep relatively high transparency, but also exhibit remarkable improvements in the flame retardancy and thermal stability, such as increased T_0.5 by 60.2°C and limited oxygen index (LOI) by 4.1, and decreased peak heat released rate (PHRR) by 34.7%. Thermal degradation behaviors investigated by real time Fourier transform infrared spectra (RTIR), char structure analysis studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and pyrolysis gaseous products studied by TGA coupled with FTIR (TGA‐FTIR) demonstrate that the catalytic charring function of DOPO‐AA in condensed phase and DOPO flame retardant systems in the gas phase are two key factors for the property enhancements. This work not only provides a promising flame‐retardant monomer for polymers, but also will stimulate more efforts on the development of DOPO‐containing flame‐retardant monomers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dark current transport mechanism associated with acceptor concentration in GaAs-based blocked-impurity-band (BIB) detectors

Dark current transport mechanism associated with acceptor concentration in GaAs-based blocked-impurity-band (BIB) detectors has been investigated. Device structure, numerical models and simulation techniques are described in detail. By careful model and parameter calibration, the numerical simulation is completely consistent with the analytical calculation, proving the validity of simulation methods. Our results reveals that the carrier-transport modes of GaAs-based BIB detectors can be classified into two categories (i.e., electron current and hopping current), and the hopping current can be neglected compared with the electron current. Besides, it is demonstrated that the dark current of GaAs-based BIB detector is dominated by the drift–diffusion current and the generation-recombination current, and the both current components are monotonically decreasing functions of the acceptor concentration.     

Doubly Periodic Wave Solutions and Soliton Solutions of Ablowitz–Ladik Lattice System

The general Jacobi elliptic function expansion method is developed and extended to construct doubly periodic wave solutions for discrete nonlinear equations. Applying this method, many exact elliptic function doubly periodic wave solutions are obtained for Ablowitz–Ladik lattice system. When the modulus m→1 or m→0, these solutions degenerate into hyperbolic function solutions and trigonometric function solutions respectively. In long wave limit, solitonic solutions including bright soliton and dark soliton solutions are also obtained.