Synthesis and characterization of biodegradable amphiphilic ABC Y‐shaped miktoarm terpolymer by click chemistry for drug delivery

Biodegradable amphiphilic ABC Y‐shaped triblock copolymer (MPBC) containing PEG, PBLA, and PCL segments was synthesized via the combination of enzymatic ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of epsilon‐caprolactone, ROP of BLA‐N‐carboxyanhydride and click chemistry, where PEG, PBLA, and PCL are poly(ethylene glycol), poly(benzyl‐l ‐aspartate), and polycaprolactone, respectively. Propynylamine was employed as ROP initiator for the preparation of alkynyl‐terminated PBLA and methyloxy‐PEG with hydroxyl and azide groups at the chain‐end was used as enzymatic ROP initiator for synthesis of monoazido‐midfunctionalized block copolymer mPEG‐b‐PCL. The subsequent click reaction led to the formation of Y‐shaped asymmetric heteroarm terpolymer MPBC. The polymer structures were characterized by different analyses. The MPBC terpolymer self‐assembled into micelles and physically encapsulated drug doxorubicin (DOX) to form DOX‐loaded micelles, which showed good stability and slow drug release. In vitro cytotoxicity study indicated that the MPBC micelles were nontoxic and the DOX‐loaded micelles displayed obvious anticancer activity similar to free DOX against HeLa cells. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52, 3346–3355     

PPh3/I2/HCOOH: An efficient CO source for the synthesis of phthalimides

A straightforward and general method has been developed for the synthesis of phthalimide derivatives from 2-iodobenzamides and PPh₃/I₂/HCOOH in the presence of a catalytic amount of Pd(OAc)₂. The reaction results demonstrate that PPh₃/I₂/HCOOH is a facile, efficient and safe CO source. The whole process is carried out in toluene at 80?°C and furnishes the desired products in good to excellent yields.     

Temperature and pH dual‐sensitive polyaspartamide derivatives for antitumor drug delivery

The pH‐sensitive tertiary amino groups were introduced to synthesize temperature and pH dual‐sensitive degradable polyaspartamide derivatives (phe/DEAE‐g‐PHPA) containing pendant aromatic structures and ionizable tertiary amino groups. The thermo/pH‐responsive behavior of phe/DEAE‐g‐PHPA polymer can be tuned by adjusting the graft copolymer composition. Due to the pH sensitivity of the phe/DEAE‐g‐PHPA‐g‐mPEG polymer with hydrophilic long PEG chain, the micelles and the anticancer drug‐loaded micelles were prepared by a quick pH‐changing method without using toxic organic solvent. The obtained polymeric micelles, paclitaxel‐loaded micelles and doxorubicin‐loaded micelles were stable under physiological conditions. Both the drug‐loaded micelles showed much faster release at pH 5 than at pH 7.4. The doxorubicin‐loaded micelles showed obvious and better anticancer activity against both HepG2 and HeLa cells than free doxorubicin. Thus these nontoxic, dual thermo‐ and pH‐sensitive phe/DEAE‐g‐PHPA‐g‐mPEG micelles may be a promising anticancer drug delivery system. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54, 879–888     

Amorphous Manganese–Cobalt Nanosheets as Efficient Catalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER)

Catalysis Surveys from Asia - A facile and efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) to produce hydrogen is very important for future energy. In this paper, amorphous...     

碳自掺杂g-C3N4光催化性能的原位光微量热-荧光光谱研究

通过在尿素前驱体中添加单宁酸, 原位缩聚形成碳自掺杂石墨相氮化碳(g-C₃N₄). 利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、 场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、 X射线衍射(XRD)仪和同步热分析(TG-DSC)等方法对碳自掺杂 g-C₃N₄的形貌、 物相结构和能带价态组分进行表征分析, 结合紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和原位光微量热-荧光光谱联用仪获得碳自掺杂g-C₃N₄降解罗丹明B的原位热/动力学信息和三维荧光光谱信息, 探讨了光催化降解罗丹明B的微观机制. 结果表明, 单宁酸浓度≤10 mg/mL时, 碳会取代七嗪单元结构的氮原子形成g-C₃N₄骨架碳自掺杂; 单宁酸浓度≥ 20 mg/mL时, 碳以无定形形式沉积负载在g-C₃N₄表面上形成无定形碳自掺杂. 骨架碳自掺杂g-C₃N₄形成的π电子有效缩短了禁带宽度, 减小了光生电子-空穴复合几率, 比无定形C掺杂g-C₃N₄显示出更优异的光催化性能, 催化主要活性物种为h⁺和·O{}_{\mathrm{2}}^{-}. 碳自掺杂g-C₃N₄光催化降解过程可分为光响应吸热、 降解污染物放热平衡过程和稳定放热3个过程. 其中骨架碳自掺杂g-C₃N₄(C/N摩尔比为0.844)在光照1000 s内, 三维荧光光谱检测的RhB降解率锐减, 光照1000 s后, 其RhB降解率为87.6%, 分别是原始g-C₃N₄和无定形碳自掺杂g-C₃N₄的3.13倍和1.95倍. 光照1000 s后, 光微量热计显示以矿化和降解非荧光发色中间产物为主, 并保持以热变速率为(0.9799±0.5356) μJ/s稳定放热, 为拟零级反应过程, 是光催化反应的决速步骤.     

CO2-3掺杂纳米羟基磷灰石晶体的合成与表征

CO2-3掺杂是提高纳米羟基磷灰石（n-HA）生物活性的有效方法之一。以 Ca（NO3）2·4H2O 和Na3PO4·12H2O为主要原料，Na2CO3作为CO2-3来源，合成纳米碳羟基磷灰石（n-CHA）晶体。采用TEM ， XRD ，FTIR ，RS对合成晶体形貌和结构进行表征。结果表明：合成的n-HA晶体长度约为60～80 nm ，宽度在20～30 nm之间，形状为针状，具有良好的结晶度，与自然骨磷灰石形貌相似；n-CHA晶体随CO2-3掺入量的增加，结晶度降低；合成的 n-CHA晶体的晶胞参数 a值随着CO2-3加入量的增大不断收缩，但 c值增大，参数比c/a值增大，符合B型取代（取代PO3-4）的晶胞参数变化规律。红外谱图中，872 cm -1附近出现AB混合型取代（同时取代O H -，PO3-4）的CO2-3面外弯曲振动特征红外峰，同时CO2-3的不对称伸缩振动红外峰在1454和1420 cm -1附近出现分裂峰，1540 cm -1附近出现弱CO2-3峰；1122 cm -1附近出现CO2-3对称伸缩振动拉曼峰，1071 cm -1附近出现CO2-3的B型替代特征拉曼峰，通过计算PO3-4，CO2-3，O H -拉曼峰的积分面积比PO3-4/CO2-3，O H -/CO23，PO3-4/O H -，表明CO2-3在替换时，先以B型为主，随着CO2-3掺入量的增加，发生A型替代（取代O H -）。实验结果表明，合成的磷灰石晶体为B型取代（取代PO3-4）为主的AB混合型取代的 n-CHA。与人骨磷灰石晶体在形态、尺寸、晶体结构和生长方式上具有相似性，可称为类骨磷灰石。     

带分数线性噪声的随机微分方程的比较定理

本文利用辅助随机微分方程,研究一类带分数噪声随机微分方程解的比较定理,并讨论解对参数的单调依赖性.     

Synthesis of Low Molecular Distribution Dihydric Polybutadiene in the Presence of Triflic Acid

A method is described for the preparation of functional polybutadiene (PB) with hydroxyl groups along the polymer chain. This material can be used directly or as the starting substrate for further polymerization in both academic and industrial processes. We have developed a convenient method to obtain a polymer with a narrow molecular weight distribution and with a known content of hydroxyl groups along the backbone. By controlling the hydroxylation reaction conditions, the appropriate molar ratios of THF, water and acid with the epoxide are 30, 15 and 1.5, respectively. By minimizing the crosslinking reaction, the desired PB was prepared and subsequently characterized.     

Improved molten salt synthesis and structure evolution upon cycling of 0.5Li2MnO3·0.5LiCoO2 in lithium-ion batteries

The Li-rich cathode material Li_1.2Co_0.4Mn_0.4O₂(=0.5Li₂MnO₃·0.5LiCoO₂) was prepared by an improved molten salt method. The effects of sintering temperature and time on the physical and electrochemical properties of Li_1.2Co_0.4Mn_0.4O₂ were investigated. With increasing sintering temperature, excellent crystallinity and a stable structure are obtained, which lead to excellent electrochemical properties. However, the sample sintered at 900 °C has poor performance because its large powder diameter prolongs the transportation length of Li⁺ ions. Higher specific surface areas are obtained when samples are sintered at 850 °C for a shorter time, which leads to more activity and excellent charge/discharge capacity. The evolution of a derivative peak at about 3.0 V in the differential capacity (dQ/dV) curves is observed along with the formation of a spinel-like phase, which is verified by analysis using a high-resolution transmission electron microscope. Therefore, it is a simple and quick method to characterize the structure evolution upon cycling of Li-rich cathode materials by means of analysis of the derivative peak.