刚性元方法和块状岩体稳定性分析

本文提出的刚性元方法是一种数值分析方法,它将变形体离散为一些刚性块体(剐性元)和块体之间的可变形薄层(节理元)的组合体,在各种载荷条件下求出块体的运动以及薄层的变形和应力分布。本文联合岩石系统的失稳准则来使用刚性元方法,成功地研究了块状岩体的稳定性问题。计算实例表明,本文提出的方法可以正确地反映块状岩体的失稳机制,是一种合理和可行的岩体稳定性分析手段。     

Electro-osmotic pore pressures in soil due to an alternating electrical field

Pore pressure development in a soil specimen due to electro-osmosis under alternating current conditions is examined theoretically. Solutions to the governing equation are derived for one-dimensional flow with boundary conditions corresponding to an impervious (conventional no-flow boundary), a partially drained boundary, and a partially drained boundary with an intervening permeable zone between the boundary and the soil. These latter two boundary conditions can arise from details of pore pressure measuring systems at the specimen boundaries during laboratory experiments. An analysis of the solutions indicates that for a perfect no-flow boundary, excess pore pressures measured at an electrode consist of a steady state and rapidly-decaying transient response. The pore pressures exhibit a 45 degree phase shift relative to the applied electric current. The effect of the partially drained boundary is to reduce the peak to peak amplitude of the pore pressure and to increase the phase shift to as much as 90 degrees depending on the compressibility of the pore pressure measuring system. The effect of the impeded and partially drained boundary is to further reduce the amplitude of the pore pressures and to increase the phase shift to as much as 180 degrees depending on the relative permeability of the impeded boundary.     

壳体结构弹塑性大应变动态响应分析

本文利用假设剪切应和薄膜应变场的新型退化壳单元，并考虑大应主影响对壳体结构弹塑性动态分析进行了研究，并编制了相应的程度，此程序采用修正的Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｉａｎ公式，它不仅考虑了大变形大应变的影响，还对单元的节点坐标和厚度在每个时间步后都给予修正，通过对一些算例计算表明，此程序数值精度很好，可用于壳体结构的工程分析，并得出结论，对于应变问题考虑和忽略大应变影响将有较大的不同。     

冲击伤复合高速破片致伤的损伤特点和冲击伤防护研究

探讨了冲击伤复合高速破片致伤的损伤特点及复合材料对冲击伤的防护效果。结果表明，肢体高速破片致伤对肺冲击伤具有加重作用，加重效应主要发生在原发冲击伤部位，加重效应的机理可能与压力波引起的血流扰动有关。利用复合材料防护可减轻肺冲击伤程度，降低动物的死亡率。     

容量矩阵法在涡方法中的应用

本文将容量矩阵技术与快速Fourier变换相结合求解非矩形域的Poisson方程,再与格子涡方法相结合,发展了一套求解复杂外形的快速涡方法。作为算例,计算了有厚度平板和楔形体的分离流动,得到了满意的结果。特别是在垂直平板绕流中,模拟出了由于剪切层不稳定性引起的小涡结构。     

双层碳纳米管中的周向导波

考虑双层碳纳米管的层间范德华力,采用连续介质力学的波动理论,建立了双层碳纳米管中周向导波传播模型,研究周向导波的频散现象.通过与单层碳纳米管结果的比较表明,双层碳纳米管中周向导波的传播表现出更为明显的频散特性,出现更多的模态干涉现象,并发现在某些特殊频率处出现成对模态的消失与新启现象.     

梁的动力稳定性分析的有限元方法

提出了对梁进行动力学稳定性分析的有限元方法──给出了单元质量矩阵，抗弯刚度矩阵，几何刚度矩阵及相应的Ｍａｔｈｉｅｕ方程，通过坐标变换消除了方程的动力与静力耦合，然后说明了由这种具有参数激励耦合的多自由度系统的Ｍａｔｈｉｅｕ方程求得系统一般参数共振及组合参数共振的过渡曲线的约束参数方法与多尺度方法。最后作为算例求出了均匀简支梁受简谐轴向力作用时的过渡曲线。     

地质工程计算机辅助设计支持系统及其应用

地质工程设计具有非结构化、非参数化、非规范化特征,同时,也具有“风险与优化”性和“反馈与可变更”性。仅用一种固定的、程式化的求解方法是不现实的。因此,必须寻求一种非结构化的工具,根据问题的需要,面向目标自动生成求解结构。本文归纳了地质工程设计的基本内容,探讨了基于几何和基于人工智能的计算机辅助地质工程设计。最后,介绍了地质工程设计支持系统在长江三峡链子崖危岩治理工程设计中的应用。     

Regioselective Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling of N‐Heterocycles toward Functionalized Quinolines,Phenanthrolines, and Indoles

A new strategy has been developed for the oxidant‐ and base‐free dehydrogenative coupling of N‐heterocycles at mild conditions. Under the action of an iridium catalyst, N‐heterocycles undergo multiple sp³ C? H activation steps, generating a nucleophilic enamine that reacts in situ with various electrophiles to give highly functionalized products. The dehydrogenative coupling can be cascaded with Friedel–Crafts addition, resulting in a double functionalization of the N‐heterocycles.     

Epigenetic Genome Mining of an Endophytic Fungus Leads to the Pleiotropic Biosynthesis of Natural Products

The small‐molecule biosynthetic potential of most filamentous fungi has remained largely unexplored and represents an attractive source for the discovery of new compounds. Genome sequencing of Calcarisporium arbuscula, a mushroom‐endophytic fungus, revealed 68 core genes that are involved in natural product biosynthesis. This is in sharp contrast to the predominant production of the ATPase inhibitors aurovertin B and D in the wild‐type fungus. Inactivation of a histone H3 deacetylase led to pleiotropic activation and overexpression of more than 75 % of the biosynthetic genes. Sampling of the overproduced compounds led to the isolation of ten compounds of which four contained new structures, including the cyclic peptides arbumycin and arbumelin, the diterpenoid arbuscullic acid A, and the meroterpenoid arbuscullic acid B. Such epigenetic modifications therefore provide a rapid and global approach to mine the chemical diversity of endophytic fungi.