Discrimination of Semen cassiae from two related species based on the multivariate analysis of high‐performance liquid chromatography fingerprints

A simple and efficient high‐performance liquid chromatography fingerprint method was developed to discriminate Semen cassiae from two related species: Cassia obtusifolia L. (CO) and Cassia tora L. (CT), the seeds of which are abbreviated as COS and CTS, respectively. 22 major bioactive ingredients in 42 samples (20 COS and 22 CTS) collected from different provinces of China were identified. The statistical methods included similarity analysis and partial least‐squares discriminant analysis. The pattern analysis method was specific and could be readily used for the comprehensive evaluation of Semen cassiae samples. Therefore, high‐performance liquid chromatography fingerprint in combination with pattern analysis provided a simple and reliable method for discriminating between COS and CTS.     

Boosting Reactive Oxygen Species Generation Using Inter-Facet Edge Rich WO3 Arrays for Photoelectrochemical Conversion

Water oxidation reaction leaves room to be improved in the development of various solar fuel productions, because of the kinetically sluggish 4-electron transfer process of oxygen evolution reaction. In this work, we realize reactive oxygen species (ROS), H₂O₂ and OH⋅, formations by water oxidation with total Faraday efficiencies of more than 90 % by using inter-facet edge (IFE) rich WO₃ arrays in an electrolyte containing CO₃²⁻. Our results demonstrate that the IFE favors the adsorption of CO₃²⁻ while reducing the adsorption energy of OH⋅, as well as suppresses surface hole accumulation by direct 1-electron and indirect 2-electron transfer pathways. Finally, we present selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol by in situ using the formed OH⋅, which delivers a benzaldehyde production rate of ≈768 μmol h⁻¹ with near 100 % selectivity. This work offers a promising approach to tune or control the oxidation reaction in an aqueous solar fuel system towards high efficiency and value-added product.     

烯烃序贯聚合中嵌段物的形成证明

烯烃序贯聚合中嵌段物的形成证明王益龙（大连理工大学化工学院高分子材料系大连１１６０１２）庞德仁黄葆同（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所长春１３００２２）关键词乙丙共聚物，嵌段，聚合，络合催化利用络合催化聚合方法能否合成出乙丙嵌段共聚物是一个有争议的问题...     

Mineral bridges of nacre and its effects

Nacre, or mother-of-pearl, is a kind of composites of aragonite platelets sandwiched between organic materials. Its excellent mechanical properties are thought to stem from the microarchitecture that is traditionally described as a “brick and mortar” arrangement. In this paper, a new microstructure, referred to as mineral bridge in the biomineralization, is directly observed in the organic matrix layers (mortar) of nacre. This is an indication that the organic matrix layer of nacre should be treated as a three-dimensional interface and the microarchitecture of nacre ought to be considered as a “brick-bridge-mortar” structure rather than the traditional one. Experiments and analyses show that the mineral bridges not only improve the mechanical properties of the organic matrix layers but also play an important role in the pattern of the crack extension in nacre. The project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KJ951-1-201) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19891180 and 10072067)     

氧化锆口腔种植体的动态植入过程分析与设计

在牙科种植领域常使用的种植体材料多为纯钛或钛合金,然而钛金属种植体存在美学缺陷及潜在的致敏可能等问题.氧化锆陶瓷由于其高强度、美观性与生物相容性被认为是钛金属种植体的理想替代品,但目前国内对于氧化锆种植体的研究仍处于起步阶段.本文通过对氧化锆种植体及骨组织进行有限元建模,并对种植体的动态植入过程进行仿真,分析了骨组织内部的应力-应变状况.结果发现,随着植入深度的增加,种植体与骨组织的接触面积增大,松质骨内应力增加.考虑到骨组织的具体结构,将松质骨内的最大应力-应变作为分析的主要对象,结合损伤分析,对种植体模型进行了优化.此外,还设计了3种具有自攻刃设计的种植体模型,分别进行应力应变分析后确定了最优设计.之后建立了具有自攻刃设计的种植体模型,并模拟了临床的3种植入方案:螺纹成形、螺纹切割、螺纹成形与切割进行分析,通过分析得到螺纹成形与切割种植方案更为安全的结论.本文结果可以指导氧化锆种植体的结构设计以及植入时的条件设定等,为我国自主研发的氧化锆种植体进行了理论指导,为其早日进行临床应用指明了方向.     

Reversible modulation in luminescence intensity of a single vesicle composed of diblock azo-copolymer and tris(dibenzoylmethanate)(phenanthroline)europium(III)

Tris(dibenzoylmethanate)(phenanthroline)europium(III)[Eu(DBM)(3)Phen]-doped amphiphilic vesicles were obtained by self-assembling of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-poly[6-[4-(4-methylphenyl-azo) phenoxy] hexylacrylate] (PNIPAM(83)-b-PAzoM(20)) in presence of Eu(DBM)(3)Phen in the mixed solvent of THF/H(2)O (50/50 vol.%). Their optical properties were studied by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopies. The UV-vis spectrum showed that the electronic transition bands of azobenzene and Eu(DBM)(3)Phen were overlapped at about 365 nm and the main peak of fluorescence emission band appeared at 612 nm. So the vesicles showed obvious red luminescence. It was found that the fluorescence intensity of a single Eu(DBM)(3)Phen-doped vesicle could be modulated by irradiation with UV and visible light due to the reversible trans-cis-trans photoisomerization reaction of azobenzene moiety. Possible energy allocation process for this property was discussed in details.     

Self-diffusion in two-dimensional hard ellipsoid suspensions

We studied the self-diffusion of colloidal ellipsoids in a monolayer near a flat wall by video microscopy. The image processing algorithm can track the positions and orientations of ellipsoids with subpixel resolution. The translational and rotational diffusions were measured in both the laboratory frame and the body frame along the long and short axes. The long-time and short-time diffusion coefficients of translational and rotational motions were measured as functions of the particle concentration. We observed the nondiffusive crossover region in the intermediate time regime due to the caging of neighboring particles. Both the beginning and the ending times of the intermediate regime exhibit power-law dependence on concentration. The long-time and short-time diffusion anisotropies change nonmonotonically with concentration and reach minima in the semidilute regime because the motions along long axes are caged at lower concentrations than the motions along short axes. The time derivatives of mean-square displacements change linearly with the inverse of time in the intermediate time regimes at various particle densities. This indicates that their relaxation functions decay as 1/t which provides new challenges in theory. The effects of coupling between rotational and translational Brownian motions were demonstrated and the two time scales corresponding to anisotropic particle shape and anisotropic neighboring environment were measured.     

Preparation of novel magnetic hollow mesoporous silica microspheres and their efficient adsorption

Ordered mesoporous aluminas with high surface areas (up to 783 m²/g), large pore volumes (up to 0.82 cm³/g) and the presence of complementary micropores (up to 0.17 cm³/g) are synthesized with Pluronic® F127 or P123 triblock copolymers in a one-pot synthesis of metal alkoxide, template and cosolvent molecules such as 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene or 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene in an acidic ethanol solution at 15 °C. Materials are characterized by nitrogen adsorption analysis, small-angle X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy.     

Theoretical and experimental researches of size effect in micro-indentation test

Micro-indentation tests at scales on the order of sub-micron have shown that the measured hardness increases strongly with the indent depth or indent size decreasing, which is frequently referred to as the size effect. However, the trend is at odds with the size-independence implied by conventional elastic-plastic theory. In this paper, strain gradient plasticity theory is used to model the size effect for materials undergoing the micro-indenting. Meanwhile, the micro-indentation experiments for single crystal copper and single crystal aluminum are carried out. By the comparison of the theoretical predictions with experimental measurements, the micro-scale parameter of strain gradient plasticity theory is predicted, which is fallen into the region of 0.8–1.5 micron for the conventional metals such as copper (Cu), aluminum (Al) and silver (Ag). Moreover, the phenomena of the pile-up and sink-in near micro-indent boundary are investigated and analyzed in detail.     

纳米零价铁对水中砷和硒去除的比较研究

采用纳米零价铁去除水中的砷和硒,考察了不同溶解氧、纳米零价铁投加量、接触时间以及溶液初始pH值等条件下纳米零价铁去除水中砷和硒的效果,并比较了反应前后固体的形貌、组成、溶液pH值及反应机制.结果表明,纳米零价铁可广泛用于去除水中的砷/硒污染,去除效果顺序依次为Se（IV）> As（Ⅲ）> Se（VI）> As（V）;水中溶解氧（DO）对As（Ⅲ）和Se（IV）的去除没有显著的影响,而高浓度的DO对As（V）和Se（VI）的去除产生了一定的抑制作用;增加纳米零价铁投加量可促进砷和硒的去除;溶液初始pH值对纳米零价铁去除As（Ⅲ）,As（V）和Se（VI）的影响较大,而对Se（IV）的去除几乎没有影响;反应后固体的形貌、组成及溶液pH值存在差异.纳米零价铁与砷、硒反应机理的不同造成了去除效果及反应后固液两相的差异.