Effects of stress dependent electrochemical reaction on voltage hysteresis of lithium ion batteries

Intercalation of lithium ions into the electrodes of lithium ion batteries is affected by the stress of active materials, leading to energy dissipation and stress dependent voltage hysteresis. A reaction-diffusion-stress coupling model is established to investigate the stress effects under galvanostatic and potentiostatic operations. It is found from simulations that the stress hysteresis contributes to the voltage hysteresis and leads to the energy dissipation. In addition, the stress induced voltage hysteresis is small in low rate galvanostatic operations but extraordinarily significant in high rate cases. In potentiostatic operations, the stresses and stress induced overpotentials increase to a peak value very soon after the operation commences and decays all the left time. Therefore, a combined charge-discharge operation is suggested, i.e., first the galvanostatic one and then the potentiostatic one. This combined operation can not only avoid the extreme stress during operations so as to prevent electrodes from failure but also reduce the voltage hysteresis and energy dissipation due to stress effects.     

Two-way coupled analysis of lithium diffusion and diffusion induced finite elastoplastic bending of bilayer electrodes in lithium-ion batteries

A fully coupling model for the diffusion induced finite elastoplastic bending of bilayer electrodes in lithium-ion batteries is proposed. The effect of the mechanical stress on the lithium diffusion is accounted for by the mechanical part of the chemical potential derived from the Gibbs free energy along with the logarithmic stress and strain. Eight dimensionless parameters, governing the stress-assisted diffusion and the diffusion induced elastoplastic bending, are identified. It is found that the finite plasticity starting from the interface of the bilayer increases the chemical potential gradient and thereby facilitates the lithium diffusion. The full plastic flow makes the abnormal lithium concentration distribution possible, i.e., the concentration at the lithium inlet can be lower than the concentration at the interface (downstream). The increase in the thickness of the active layer during charging is much larger than the eigen-stretch due to lithiation, and this excess thickening is found to be caused by the lithiation induced plastic yield.     

In-fiber polymer-glass hybrid waveguide Bragg grating

A 1.2 microm (height) x 125 microm (depth) x 500 microm (length) microslot along a fiber Bragg grating was engraved across the optical fiber by femtosecond laser patterning and chemical etching. By filling epoxy in the slot and subsequent UV curing, a hybrid waveguide grating structure with a polymer core and glass cladding was fabricated. The obtained device is highly thermally responsive with linear coefficient of 211 pm/ degrees C.     

Optically tunable fiber grating transmission filters

We propose and demonstrate single- and multiple-passband fiber grating transmission filters that are remotely tunable by exploitation of the optical pump-induced thermal effects in Er/Yb-codoped fiber sections. A repeatable, wavelength-independent induced phase shift of 0.1 pi/mW is obtained without hysteresis and anisotropic effects. A transmission extinction ratio of >23 dB with a 3-mW change in pump power is achieved.     

呼吸机相关性肺炎患者肺部超声评分与NAMPT、Endocan、NLR的关系

本文探讨了呼吸机相关性肺炎患者肺部超声评分(LUS)与外周血烟酰胺磷酸核糖转移酶(NAMPT)、内皮细胞特异性分子-1(Endocan)、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞值(NLR)的关系。选取呼吸机相关性肺炎患者80例(观察组)和非呼吸机相关性肺炎患者40例(对照组),采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测患者外周血NAMPT、Endocan,自动血细胞分析仪检测NLR。分析结果显示,观察组通气24 h、48 h和72 h时NAMPT、Endocan和NLR均高于对照组(P<0.05),此外,观察组死亡患者NAMPT、Endocan、NLR和LUS及变化值高于存活患者(P<0.05),上述指标联合预测患者死亡的AUC值高于各指标单独预测(P<0.05)。说明呼吸机相关性肺炎患者LUS变化与外周血NAMPT、Endocan、NLR呈正相关,联合预测患者预后有一定的应用价值。     

钙钛矿型稀土氧化物的合成及其能源转化储存应用研究进展

钙钛矿型稀土氧化物价格低廉、结构可控、性质多样,在催化领域有着广阔的应用前景。本文从钙钛矿型稀土氧化物的结构类型、合成方法及电化学催化反应出发,总结了传统高温合成方法、火焰喷雾法、静电纺丝法和脉冲激光沉积法等几种最常用的合成方法,以及提升其氧析出反应(OER),氢析出反应(HER)和氧还原反应(ORR)催化能力的典型有效方法,概述了近年来钙钛矿型稀土氧化物在电解水、金属空气电池和固体氧化物燃料电池等能源转化储存装置的主要研究进展,进而对钙钛矿型稀土氧化物在能源转化储存领域的应用进行了展望。     

高选择性快速检测Hg2+的磺酰腙型探针的合成及其在吸附和HeLa细胞中的应用

以苯磺酰肼和4-二苯胺基苯甲醛为原料,通过缩合反应设计和合成了一种新型磺酰腙汞离子(Hg²⁺)探针N’-(4-(二苯氨基)亚苄基)苯磺酰腙(S1).在二甲基亚砜(DMSO)/H₂O(V∶V=7∶3,pH=7)溶液体系中,S1对Hg²⁺展示出快速响应、高选择和高荧光灵敏性.通过¹H NMR和HRMS探究了可能的机理.聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)掺杂S1(PAMS)对Hg²⁺有高的吸附性能,其去除率达到99.99%,并且在紫外灯下通过肉眼很容易区分.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了PAMS吸附前后的微观形貌.此外,S1具有优异的生物相容性,可以极好地检测HeLa细胞中的Hg²⁺.     

ANOMALOUS WEAK CHARGED CURRENTS OF LEPTONS AND QUARKS IN A SUBSTRUCTURE MODEL

We present a general approach to get the anomalous weak charged current of leptons and quarks in a substructure mode1,in which quarks, leptons and W-bosons are composed of preons (fermions and scalar bosons). We have shown that the (V+A) current can be determined by the structure of leptons and quarks and the anomalous weak current can be very small. In particular, it can approach zero, if the wave function of leptons (or quarks) has aspinor structure (I-P/m_f)F.     

Structural Diversity of Di-Metalized Arginine Evidenced by Infrared Multiple Photon Dissociation (IRMPD) Spectroscopy in the Gas Phase

Although metal cations are prevalent in biological media, the species of multi-metal cationized biomolecules have received little attention so far. Studying these complexes in isolated state is important, since it provides intrinsic information about the interaction among them on the molecular level. Our investigation here demonstrates the unexpected structural diversity of such species generated by a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) source in the gas phase. The photodissociation spectroscopic and theoretical study reflects that the co-existing isomers of [Arg+Rb+K−H]⁺ can have energies ≥95 kJ/mol higher than that of the most stable one. While the result can be rationalized by the great isomerization energy barrier due to the coordination, it strongly reminds us to pay more attention to their structural diversities for multi-metalized fundamental biological molecules, especially for the ones with the ubiquitous alkali metal ions.