ZIF-67 derived carbon wrapped discontinuous CoxP nanotube as anode material in high-performance Li-ion battery

Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) are prospective anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high theoretical capacities and low redox voltages. Herein, we report a template directing method to develop a tube-sheath hybrid composing of cobalt phosphide particles encapsulated in metal organic frameworks (MOFs) derived N-doped carbon sheaths (Co_xP@NC). The utilization of directing template leads to a homogenous distribution of the subsequently formed cobalt phosphide particles, restrains the aggregation of cobalt phosphides, and thus results in the superb rate capability and cyclability. Contributable to the integrated merits of the interior downsized cobalt phosphide particles and the outer ZIF-67 derived porous carbon sheath, the volume expansion during cycling is effectively suppressed. The Co_xP@NC hybrid shows superb electrochemical performance as anode material for LIB, with good reversible capacity of 928 mAh·g^?1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g^?1, and high stability of 526 mAh·g^?1 after 600 cycles at 1.0 A g^?1. This work provides a route for rational design of MOF derived carbon-based anode material for LIB, which could also be applied as a promising platform in diverse field.     

Understanding the Origin of Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to CO on Ni,N‐doped Carbon Catalysts

Ni,N‐doped carbon catalysts have shown promising catalytic performance for CO₂ electroreduction (CO₂R) to CO; this activity has often been attributed to the presence of nitrogen‐coordinated, single Ni atom active sites. However, experimentally confirming Ni?N bonding and correlating CO₂ reduction (CO₂R) activity to these species has remained a fundamental challenge. We synthesized polyacrylonitrile‐derived Ni,N‐doped carbon electrocatalysts (Ni‐PACN) with a range of pyrolysis temperatures and Ni loadings and correlated their electrochemical activity with extensive physiochemical characterization to rigorously address the origin of activity in these materials. We found that the CO₂R to CO partial current density increased with increased Ni content before plateauing at 2 wt % which suggests a dispersed Ni active site. These dispersed active sites were investigated by hard and soft X‐ray spectroscopy, which revealed that pyrrolic nitrogen ligands selectively bind Ni atoms in a distorted square‐planar geometry that strongly resembles the active sites of molecular metal–porphyrin catalysts.     

阻尼对空爆荷载等效静载动力系数的影响

为考查阻尼参数对空爆荷载等效静载动力系数的影响,理论推导了空爆荷载下结构等效单自由体系弹塑性位移解及延性比解,设计并计算了阻尼比0.000 1～0.1、延性比1～4的20种典型工况的动力系数,并与现行抗爆设计规范动力系数公式结果进行了对比。结果表明:阻尼比小于0.000 1时可基本代表无阻尼状态,阻尼比0.01的动力系数比无阻尼的最大降低幅度为2.08%,数值差异很小,因此阻尼比为0.01以内时,可忽略阻尼对动力系数的影响;阻尼比0.05的动力系数比无阻尼的降低幅度约9.92%,数值差异较大,认为阻尼比0.05以上时将具有明显的经济效益;现行设计规范动力系数更适用于柔性结构体系,运用于刚性结构抗爆设计时,计算误差较大,对阻尼比较小的结构设计更不利。     

Self-Compacting Alkali-Activated Materials: Progress and Perspectives

Alkali-activated materials (AAMs) are considered to be alternative cementitious materials for civil infrastructures. Nowadays, efforts have been made in developing AAMs with self-compacting ability. The obtained self-compacting AAMs (SCAAMs) accomplish superior passing and filling properties as well as excellent mechanical and environmental advantages. This work critically revisits recent progresses in SCAAMs including mixture proportions, fresh properties, mechanical strength, microstructure, acid and sulfate resistance, high temperature behaviors, impact resistance and interface shear strength. To facilitate direct comparison and interpretation of data from different publications, mixture proportions were normalized in terms of the content of key reactive components from precursors and activators, and correlation with mechanical behaviors was made. Moreover, special attention was paid to current research challenges and perspectives to promote further investigation and field application of SCAAMs as advanced construction material.     

A Narrative Review on the Phytochemistry,Pharmacology and Therapeutic Potentials of Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau Leaves as an Alternative Source of Future Medicine

The application of natural products and supplements has expanded tremendously over the past few decades. Clinacanthus nutans (C. nutans), which is affiliated to the Acanthaceae family, has recently caught the interest of researchers from the countries of subtropical Asia due to its medicinal uses in alternative treatment for skin infection conditions due to insect bites, microorganism infections and cancer, as well as for health well-being. A number of bioactive compounds from this plant’s extract, namely phenolic compounds, sulphur containing compounds, sulphur containing glycosides compounds, terpens-tripenoids, terpens-phytosterols and chlorophyll-related compounds possess high antioxidant activities. This literature search yielded about one hundred articles which were then further documented, including the valuable data and findings obtained from all accessible electronic searches and library databases. The promising pharmacological activities from C. nutans leaves extract, including antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-venom, analgesic and anti-nociceptive properties were meticulously dissected. Moreover, the authors also discuss a few of the pharmacological aspect of C. nutans leaves extracts against anti-hyperlipidemia, vasorelaxation and renoprotective activities, which are seldom available from the previously discussed review papers. From the aspect of toxicological studies, controversial findings have been reported in both in-vitro and in-vivo experiments. Thus, further investigations on their phytochemical compounds and their mode of action showing pharmacological activities are required to fully grasp both traditional usage and their suitability for future drugs development. Data related to therapeutic activity and the constituents of C. nutans leaves were searched by using the search engines Google scholar, PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct, and accepting literature reported between 2010 to present. On the whole, this review paper compiles all the available contemporary data from this subtropical herb on its phytochemistry and pharmacological activities with a view towards garnering further interest in exploring its use in cardiovascular and renal diseases.     

羟基对界面水分子的扰动与其对非离子型氢氟烃杂化表面活性剂聚集行为的改变

本文合成并比较了具有和不具有羟基的两种非离子型氢氟烃杂化表面活性剂,它们均表现出良好的热稳定性和优异的表面活性. 实验观察到羟基对改变其溶液的表面张力和所形成胶束的形态具有较大的影响. 该作用可归因于烷烃基团从空气/水表面上方到其下方的重排以及由羟基诱导的界面水结构的扰动. 本工作提供了一种通过修改界面处的取向结构来弱化碳氢链和碳氟链之间的不混溶性,从而利于设计具有不同界面性质表面活性剂的策略.     

固相萃取液相色谱-质谱/质谱联用测定河水中大环内酯类抗生素

应用固相萃取（SPE）及LC—MS／MS技术,建立了水中痕量大环内酯类抗生素即红霉素、脱水红霉素、罗红霉素的分析方法,优化了固相萃取、液相色谱-质谱／质谱等相关条件。水样经HLB固相萃取柱富集净化,以多反应检测方式（MRM）对待测物进行定性和定量分析。3种抗生素在10-2000ng／L范围内具有良好的线性。其定量下限为5ng／L（S／N〉10）。加标纯水和实际水样的回收率在71％-111％之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）在3．7％-8．6％之间。该方法灵敏度高、选择性好、准确度高,适合实际水样中痕量大环内酯类药物的检测。使用该方法测得珠江广州河段某水样中红霉素、脱水红霉素和罗红霉素质量浓度分别为164、291和134ng／L。     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定废水中痕量挥发性烷基硫化物

建立了顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)和气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)联用测定人工湿地废水中的痕量挥发性烷基硫化物的方法。针对废水中两种主要的挥发性烷基硫化物(二甲基硫、二甲基二硫),详细研究了萃取纤维头的种类、萃取时间、萃取温度、pH值、离子强度、样品量及解析条件对HS-SPME的影响。载气为高纯氦气,流速为1.0mL/min,色谱柱为DB-5ms毛细管柱(0.25μm,30m×0.32mm),柱温:25℃(5min)■40℃(1min)■60℃(5min);在优化的实验条件下,本法测定二甲基硫及二甲基二硫的线性范围分别为10～10000ng/L和1～10000ng/L;检出限(3σ)分别为1.9ng/L和1.8ng/L;相对标准偏差小于10%;回收率分别为81.0%～94.6%和84.0%～100.9%。用二乙基硫为内标物质,将本法用于人工湿地废水中主要的烷基硫化物二甲基硫和二甲基二硫的测定,获得满意结果。     

基于层层静电吸附天青Ⅰ和纳米金固定过氧化物酶生物传感器的研究

在玻碳电极(GCE)上,构造了一种以对氨基苯磺酸电聚合膜(PABSA)为基底,利用层层静电自组装技术固定多层天青Ⅰ(AI)和纳米金(nano-Au)制备的复合薄膜(nano-Au/AI)n,然后通过静电吸附辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)制得过氧化氢生物传感器[HRP/(nano-Au/AI)n/PABSA/GCE].采用循环伏安法和计时电流法考察了该传感器的电化学性质,并且研究了该修饰电极对H2O2的催化还原作用.在优化的实验条件下,该传感器的响应电流与其浓度在3.5×10-6～3.6×10-3 mol/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,检出限为1.2×10-6 mol/L.该传感器的米氏常数为1.5 mmol/L,表明所固定的酶具有较高的生物活性.     

硅胶-氧化铝层析柱-气相色谱法测定沉积物中邻苯二甲酸酯类有机物

建立了硅胶-氧化铝层析柱净化分离,GC—MS、GC—FID定性定量分析沉积物样品邻苯二甲酸酯类有机污染物Phthalate esters（PAEs）的方法。比较了Florisil、硅胶、氧化铝和硅胶-氧化铝层析柱对PAEs分离特征;优化了硅胶-氧化铝层析柱净化分离PAEs的条件。方法线性范围0．05～500μg/g,回收率75.3％～113．6％,相对标准偏差2．74％～12．2％,检出限0．29～1．2ng／g。内标法定量,应用于珠江口沉积物样品中PAEs测定,获得满意的结果。