CurTiPot软件在溶液酸度计算中的应用

介绍了CurTiPot软件的pH计算器功能。CurTiPot是近年来使用最为广泛的溶液酸度计算方面的软件。使用者既不需要掌握专门的计算机语言,也不需要在使用中掌握和录入很长的计算公式。CurTiPot软件的pH计算器功能可实现各种溶液体系pH的准确、快速计算,为溶液酸度计算的教学和学习提供了一个新的辅助工具。该软件可免费下载,不经安装就可在MS Excel环境下运行。     

地尔硫卓的合成工艺改进

以对甲氧基苯甲醛和氯乙酸甲酯为原料,经Darzens缩合、环氧开环、酒石酸拆分、环合、N-烃基化、O-乙酰化、成盐等7步反应制得地尔硫卓盐酸盐,其结构经 ¹H NMR,IR, MS（ESI）和元素分析确证。     

Influence of Layered Aluminoborophosphate on Flame Retardance,Crystallization Behaviors and Mechanical Properties of Polyamide 66 Systems

A layered aluminoborophosphate(LABP-DDA) was hydrothermally synthesized using dodecylamine as a structure-directing agent, and was added into polyamide 66(PA66) to obtain nanocomposites, PA66/LABP-DDA, via melt intercalation method. The characterization results of transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) indicate that LABP-DDA has been successfully exfoliated into nano-layers of PA66 matrix. The unstable γ phase of PA66 was found in the composites with the help of X-ray diffraction(XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). The heterogeneous nucleation effect of LABP-DDA resulted in an increasement of about 10℃ in melting temperature and an increasement of about 7% in crystallinity when compared with those of neat PA66. The introduction of LABP-DDA did not significantly affect the toughness and strength of PA66. The results of flammability test indicate that LABP-DDA possesses positive synergistic flame retarding effect in the presence of melamine polyphosphate(MPP) and the 77%PA66/(23-x)%MPP/x%LABP-DDA(x=1, 2) samples in thickness of 1.6 mm reached from Fail to V-1 rating based on UL94, compared with 77%PA66/23%MPP.     

Three New Compounds Based on 4,4'-Azo-1,2,4-triazol-5-one: Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Thermal Properties

A series of guanidine salts of 4,4'-azo-1,2,4-triazol-5-one with guanidine(1), aminoguanidine(2), diaminoguanidine(3) and triaminoguanidine(4) was prepared. Compounds 2-4 were characterized by infrared(IR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Thermal decomposition processes of compounds 1-4 were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), and all the compounds showed good thermal stability up to 190℃. Moreover, these four guanidine salts are more unstable with the increasing number of amino groups. Thermal stability parameters(T_e,0 and T_b) and thermodynamic functions(ΔS^≠, ΔH^≠ and ΔG^≠) for compounds 1-4 were calculated. The constant-volume combustion heats(Δ_cU) for compounds 2-4 were determined and tended to increase with the increase of the number of amino groups. The calculated standard molar enthalpies of formation(Δ_fH⁰m) of compounds 2-4 are -541.04, -178.67 and -83.08 kJ/mol, respectively. The impact sensitivities results indicate that these four energetic salts are less sensitive than 1,3,5-trinitrotriazacyccohexane(RDX) and 1,3,5,7-tetranitrotetraqza-cyclo-octane(HMX).     

晶硅掺镓抑制太阳电池光致衰减效应的研究

采用掺镓晶硅和掺硼晶硅制备的寿命片和太阳电池片分别进行光致衰减实验,用WT-2000少子寿命测试仪和Halm电池电学性能测试仪等研究了它们受光照前后少子寿命和电学性能的变化.发现掺镓单晶寿命片的少子寿命衰减率比掺硼单晶寿命片低50;左右,掺镓单晶PERC电池和掺镓多晶常规电池转换效率的衰减率比掺硼单晶PERC电池和掺硼多晶常规电池分别降低3.41;和0.92;.这些结果表明晶硅太阳电池的光致衰减效应主要是晶硅中少子寿命降低导致的,晶硅掺镓后能有效抑制太阳电池的光致衰减现象.     

用于5G通信的二维圆柱型光子晶体波导带通滤波器设计

波导带通滤波器是大功率微波滤波的重要器件,为5G通信基站大功率微波传输提供了可能.基于光子晶体的频率带隙特性,把二维圆柱型光子晶体引入矩形波导中,设计了一款应用于5G通信的二维圆柱型光子晶体波导带通滤波器,仿真研究了该滤波器的滤波特性,以及引入点缺陷、线缺陷时滤波器的性能变化.二维光子晶体结构在矩形波导中在3～7 GH...     

梯形薄壁堰流量规律数值模拟研究

旨在用数值模拟方法推求计算梯型薄壁堰堰流的简化公式。通过推求梯型薄壁堰堰流的基本理论公式,并求解气液两相流时均方程,辅以RNG k-ε湍流模型模拟了5种不同堰顶水头下梯形薄壁堰的过流能力。用SIMPLE算法对模拟体系中的压力与速度的耦合进行求解,同时用VOF法对自由水面的流动变化信息进行捕捉;进而通过最小二乘法的拟合得到模拟的流量值随堰顶水头变化的简化计算式,采用此公式计算了梯形薄壁堰在不同堰顶水头时的过流流量,与所推基本理论公式的计算值相比结果基本一致,可为实际工程中流量的控制和测量提供参考。     

接触状态对叶根轮槽应力分布影响的研究

汽轮机叶片叶根、轮槽连接区域常因加工误差及磨损等原因导致接触状态的改变,从而改变整个区域应力分布并大大降低汽轮机的使用寿命。本文运用数字光弹性技术实验测试了长叶片叶根、轮槽在不同接触状态下的应力分布情况,同时结合有限元进行了仿真计算。结果表明,叶根、轮槽对称接触时,全部齿同时接触的应力集中系数最小且分布较均匀;而当部分接触齿产生间隙时,接触状态发生显著变化,应力集中系数明显增大;尤其是当左右齿非对称接触时,最大应力集中系数明显增大且应力分布不均匀。本文研究可为叶根、轮槽的优化设计、加工以及叶片的装配、维护提供实验依据。     

季膦盐离子液体润滑脂的制备及摩擦学规律研究

发展高性能离子液润滑脂是离子液体作为新型润滑材料在摩擦学领域的热点和重点.针对这一问题,用三丁基烷基季膦盐离子液体为基础油,聚四氟乙烯微粉为稠化剂制备了三种具有较高滴点的润滑脂.在钢/钢摩擦副表面摩擦学研究结果表明:与1-辛基-3甲基咪唑磷酸二辛基酯盐离子液体润滑脂相比,在室温和高温(100℃)下,三丁基烷基季膦盐离子液体润滑脂均具有优异的减摩抗磨性能.通过磨斑表面的XPS分析和电场条件下考察离子液体润滑脂摩擦系数变化,推断三丁基烷基季膦盐离子液体润滑脂的减摩抗磨机理为离子液体润滑脂中的聚四氟乙烯与摩擦表面发生摩擦化学反应生成含FeF_2的化学反应膜,以及离子液体阳离子、阴离子以物理吸附的方式在摩擦表面形成稳定吸附膜.     

压力机下死点定位精度的检测及评价方法研究

设计一种粗-细二级调节相结合的装置来动态地测量压力机的下死点, 可以方便准确地测量不同工作冲程时的下死点位置. 针对所测数据, 结合模糊判断法和层次分析法构造压力机下死点精度的综合评价指标, 来对压力机下死点定位精度进行分析与评价. 评价步骤通过选择评价因素和构建评价集, 确定比较矩阵并计算各影响因素权重, 以确立模糊评价矩阵, 并通过综合评价模型判断下死点精度等级. 结果表明, 该评价方法可有效地评价压力机的定位精度.