Red Wine Inspired Chromophores as Photodynamic Therapy Sensitizers†

Hydroxypyranoflavylium (HPF) cations are synthetic analogs possessing the same basic chromophore as the pyranoanthocyanins that form during the maturation of red wine. HPF cations absorb strongly in the visible spectral region, and most are fluorescent, triplet-sensitize singlet oxygen formation in solution and are strong photooxidants, properties that are desirable in a sensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The results of this study demonstrate that several simple HPF dyes can indeed function as PDT sensitizers. Of the eight HPF cations investigated in this work, four were phototoxic to a human cervical adenocarcinoma cell line (HeLa) at the 1–10 μmol dm⁻³ level, while only one of the eight compounds showed noticeable cytotoxicity in the dark. Neither a Type I nor a Type II mechanism can adequately rationalize the differences in phototoxicity of the compounds. Colocalization experiments with the most phototoxic compound demonstrated the affinity of the dye for both the mitochondria and lysosomes of HeLa cells. The fact that relatively modest structural differences, e.g., the exchange of an electron-donating substituent for an electron-withdrawing substituent, can cause profound differences in the phototoxicity, together with the relatively facile synthesis of substituted HPF cations, makes them interesting candidates for further evaluation as PDT sensitizers.     

High strength chitin nanocrystal/alginate filament prepared by wet-spinning in “green” coagulating bath

Cellulose - Chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs) are an alternative biomaterial of exceptional mechanical stiffness, biocompatibility and sustainability. Wet-spinning is a convenient pathway to control...     

Study of Static Adsorption Capacity of ACF for Xenon at 201 K

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｒａｄｉｏｘｅｎｏｎｓａｒｅｎｕｃｌｅａｒｆｉｓｓｉｏｎｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓ .ＡｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅＣｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｖｅＮｕｃｌｅａｒ Ｔｅｓｔ ＢａｎＴｒｅａｔｙ (ＣＴＢＴ) ,ｔｈｅｎｕｃｌｅａｒｅｖｅｎｔｓｗｈｉｃｈｖｉｏｌａｔｅｔｈｅｔｒｅａｔｙｍａｙｂｅｆｏｕｎｄｂｙｍｏｎｉｔｏｒｉｎｇｒａｄｉｏｘｅｎｏｎｓｉｎｇｌｏｂａｌａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅｗｉｔｈＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌＭｏｎｉｔｏｒｉｎｇＳｙｓ ｔｅｍ(ＩＭＳ) .Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ ,ａｌｌｘｅｎｏｎｓ…     

Finite-time consensus of multi-agent systems driven by hyperbolic partial differential equations via boundary control

Applied Mathematics and Mechanics - The leaderless and leader-following finite-time consensus problems for multi-agent systems (MASs) described by first-order linear hyperbolic partial differential...     

渭河盆地地裂缝发育基本特征

渭河盆地由于其特殊的地质环境,是地裂缝发育较多的地区。本文在渭河盆地地裂缝详细调查的基础上,简要论述了地裂缝的分布概况,详细研究了渭河盆地地裂缝的发育基本特征,并初步探讨了地裂缝的成因。渭河盆地196条地裂缝大都密集分布在断层近侧,与断层走向有明显的一致性和相关性。地裂缝基本特征主要是形态特征和空间分布。地裂缝平面形态有直线、S型和锯齿状;剖面形态为上宽下窄,并逐渐消失;倾角较陡。地裂缝空间分布上有方向性、开启性和网络性。渭河盆地地裂缝主要是构造地裂缝,受构造断裂控制;地下水、地表水、采空和黄土湿陷性只是诱导因素。     

Theoretical Analyzing of Optical Parametric Oscillation with Intracavity Sum Frequency Generation

A new scheme of optical parametric oscillator with intracavity sum frequency generation is proposed,and the operation characters such as threshold,conversion efficiency,etc.,are theoretically studied. The factor affecting conversion efficiency is discussed.     

Pore size control of Pitch-based activated carbon fibers by pyrolytic deposition of propylene

In this paper, we attempted to narrow the pore size of Pitch-based activated carbon fiber (Pitch-ACF) by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of propylene at 700 °C. The BET equation was used to estimate the specific surface areas. The micropore volumes were determined using DR equation, t-plot and _s-plot, and mesopore surface areas were determined by t-plot and _s-plot. The pore size distribution (PSD) of micropores and mesopore was investigated by micropore analysis method (MP method) and MK method, respectively. The relation between the graphite-like crystal interlayer distance and pore size was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the pore size of Pitch-ACF was gradually narrowed with increasing deposition time. The catalytic activation of Ni was attempted when Pitch-ACF was modified simultaneously by pyrolysis of propylene. The results obtained from the analysis of PSD of micropores, mesopores and macropores in Ni–P-ACF by density function theory (DFT) showed that the pore structure and surface chemistry were greatly changed due to introducing nickel catalyst.     

Synthesis and characterization of sulfonated poly(phthalazinone ether phosphine oxide)s by direct polycondensation for proton exchange membranes

A series of sulfonated poly(phthalazinone ether phosphine oxide)s (sPPEPO) were prepared via aromatic nucleophilic substitution polycondensation of 4‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl) phthalazinone (HPPZ) with sulfonated bis(4‐fluorophenyl)phenyl phosphine oxide (sBFPPO) and bis(4‐fluorophenyl)phenyl phosphine oxide (BFPPO) at various ratios. The properties such as molecular weight, ion exchange capacity (IEC), swelling, thermal stability, proton conductivity, and morphology were investigated. sPPEPO with high IEC exhibited high proton conductivity while they still showed low swelling. Typically, sPPEPO with IEC of 1.54 and 1.69 meq/g exhibited high conductivity of 0.091 and 0.19 S/cm, and low swelling ratios of 14.3% and 19.5% at 80 °C, respectively. The low swelling was attributed to the strong intermolecular interaction including the electrostatic force and hydrogen bond. sPPEPO would be promising candidates used as polyelectrolyte membranes for fuel cells. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 1758–1769, 2008     

Sulfonated poly(arylene thioether phosphine oxide)s copolymers for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

High molecular weight sulfonated poly(arylene thioether phosphine oxide)s (sPATPO) with various sulfonation degrees were prepared directly by aromatic nucleophilic polycondensation of 4,4′-thiobisbenzenethiol with sulfonated bis(4-fluorophenyl) phenyl phosphine oxide and bis(4-fluorophenyl) phenyl phosphine oxide. sPATPO in the acid form with sulfonation degrees of 60–100% exhibits a glass transition temperature higher than 230 °C and a 5% weight loss temperature above 400 °C, indicating high thermal stability. sPATPO with a high sulfonation degree shows high proton conductivity and good resistance to swelling as well. For instance, sPATPO-70 displays the conductivity of 0.0783 S/cm and a swelling ratio of 11.6% at 90 °C. TEM micrographs showed that sPATPO membranes with a high sulfonation degree could form continuous ion channels, which are favorable for improving the proton conductivity but harmful to remaining the mechanical property. The membranes are expected to show good performances in fuel cell applications.     

一种新的长周期光纤光栅制作技术

长周期光纤光栅在光纤通信和光纤传感领域有着广泛的应用。目前制作长周期光纤光栅的方法存在着制作成本、光栅性能和制作过程复杂之间的矛盾。提出了一种新的长周期光纤光栅制作技术。以宽光谱紫外光源代替激光器来制作长周期光纤光栅。采用该项技术可以同时制作出多根具有良好光谱性能的长周期光纤光栅，使长周期光纤光栅的制作更加简单、经济、实用，特别适合于批量工业化生产。