Dose Dependencies and Biocompatibility of Renal Clearable Gold Nanoparticles: From Mice to Non‐human Primates

While dose dependencies in pharmacokinetics and clearance are often observed in clinically used small molecules, very few studies have been dedicated to the understandings of potential dose‐dependent in vivo transport of nanomedicines. Here we report that the pharmacokinetics and clearance of renal clearable gold nanoparticles (GS‐AuNPs) are strongly dose‐dependent once injection doses are above 15 mg kg^?1: high dose expedited the renal excretion and shortened the blood retention. As a result, the no‐observed‐adverse‐effect‐level (NOAEL) of GS‐AuNPs was >1000 mg kg^?1 in CD‐1 mice. The efficient renal clearance and high compatibility can be translated to the non‐human primates: no adverse effects were observed within 90 days after intravenous injection of 250 mg kg^?1 GS‐AuNPs. These fundamental understandings of dose effect on the in vivo transport of ultrasmall AuNPs open up a pathway to maximize their biomedical potentials and minimize their toxicity in the future clinical translation.     

Systematic study on experimental conditions for large-scale growth of aligned ZnO nanowires on nitrides

In vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth, it is generally believed that nanowires would grow as long as the right catalysts and substrate are supplied as well as the growth temperature is adequate. We show here, however, that oxygen partial pressure plays a key role in determining the quality of the aligned ZnO nanowires. We present a "phase diagram" between the oxygen partial pressure and the growth chamber pressure for synthesizing high quality aligned ZnO nanowires on GaN substrate. This result provides a road map for large-scale, controlled synthesis of ZnO nanowires on nitride semiconductor substrates with the potential to meet the needs of practical applications. The chemical process involved in the growth process is also systematically elaborated based on experimental data received under different conditions.     

Synthesis of novel C2-C3'N-linked macrocyclic taxoids by means of highly regioselective Heck macrocyclization

[reaction: see text] Novel C2-C3'N-linked macrocyclic taxoids are synthesized using intramolecular Heck reaction in the key step. Macrocyclization proceeds with high regioselectivity in good yield. Taxoids bearing an olefin moiety at C2 and an iodide at C3'N give exo-products exclusively. However, the endo-products are formed with up to 100% regioselectivity just by switching the positions of the olefin and the iodide moieties. Some of these macrocyclic taxoids are significantly cytotoxic.     

含有偶氮染料侧基的聚氨酯（脲）的研究

用扩链法合成了一系列含有偶氮染料的侧基聚氨酯和聚脲。ＴＦ－ＩＲ、ＤＳＣ、ＤＭＡ的研究表明，聚合物有良好的力学性能，样品中软硬段的含量决定材料的物理性能。通过ＵＶ的测定，计算出样品均有较高的三阶非线性光学（ＮＬＯ）系数。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖磷酸酯对高岭土悬浊液的絮凝研究（Ⅰ）

魔芋葡甘聚糖磷酸酯对高岭土悬浊液的絮凝研究（Ⅰ）奉平陈旭东（西南师范大学环境化学研究所重庆，６３０７１５）（华南理工大学高分子系广州，５１０６４１）杨大成，付英姿（西南师范大学化学系重庆，６３０７１５）关键词：魔芋葡甘聚糖磷酸酯（ＫＧＭＰ），高岭土，...     

Tandem intermolecular-intramolecular carbolithiation: application to the synthesis of silacyclopentanes

Silacyclopentanes have been prepared from vinyl(homoallyl)silanes or vinyl(homopropargyl)silanes and organolithium reagents by a tandem intermolecular-intramolecular sequence involving a 5-exo cyclisation process. The unexpected stereochemical outcome of the sequence involving a 5-exo-dig cyclisation is rationalised.     

Treasure hunt for peptides with undefined chemical modifications: Proteomics identification of differential albumin adducts of 2‐nitroimidazole‐indocyanine green in hypoxic tumor

2‐Nitroimidazole is a well‐known chemical probe targeting hypoxic environments of solid tumors, and its derivatives are widely used as imaging agents to investigate tissue and tumor hypoxia. However, the underlying chemistry for the hypoxia‐detection capability of 2‐nitroimidazole is still unclear. In this study, we deployed a biotin conjugate of 2‐nitroimidazole‐indocyanine green (2‐nitro‐ICG) for the investigation of in vivo hypoxia‐probing mechanism of 2‐nitro‐ICG compounds. By implementing mass spectrometry‐based proteomics and exhaustive data mining, we report that 2‐nitro‐ICG and its fragments modify mouse serum albumin as the primary protein target but at two structurally distinct sites and possibly via two different mechanisms. The identification of probe‐modified peptides not only contributes to the understanding of the in vivo metabolism of 2‐nitroimidazole compounds but also demonstrates a competent analytical workflow that enables the search for peptides with undefined modifications in complex proteome digests.     

创新能力培养贯穿化学拔尖人才培养全过程

基于拔尖学生的培养目标,科研创新意识和能力是拔尖学生的核心素养。我们提出了"科研创新能力培养贯穿人才培养全过程"的基本理念,构建了"复合三位一体"的科研创新能力系统性培养机制。以学生兴趣为导向,尊重个性化选择,投入优质资源,构建保障机制,探索出一条培养拔尖学生科研创新能力的新路径。拔尖学生的科研创新能力明显提高,人才培养质量显著提升。     

Complexation of poly(acrylic acid) and poly(ethylene oxide) investigated by enhanced Rayleigh scattering method

The method of enhanced Rayleigh scattering spectroscopy (ERS) was developed to investigate the complexation of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in semidilute polymer solutions. Based on the Ornstein‐Zernike equation, the relationship between macromolecular static correlation length and ERS intensity was presented. Moreover, the ERS spectra were calculated by the moving window two‐dimensional (MW2D) correlation spectroscopy to get detailed information of the polymer complexation. The results indicated that the ERS spectroscopy characteristics of the polymer mixtures have similar trend, and the ERS intensity promptly increases as the macromolecular chains contract. The increase of ERS intensity showed that the degree of complexation between PAA and PEO increases when the pH value decreases. The complexation results from the collapse of macromolecular chains, which is induced by the PAA chains contracting and the enhanced association between PAA and PEO chains because of the hydrogen bond formation. In addition, the association resulting from the complexation of PAA and PEO in solution was demonstrated by the MW2D correlation spectroscopy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1847–1852, 2010