Fermions in Odd Space-Time Dimensions: Back to Basics

It is a well-known feature of odd space-time dimensions d that there exist two inequivalent fundamental representations A and B of the Dirac gamma matrices. Moreover, the parity transformation swaps the fermion fields living in A and B. As a consequence, a parity-invariant Lagrangian can only be constructed by incorporating both the representations. Based upon these ideas and contrary to long-held belief, we show that in addition to a discrete exchange symmetry for the massless case, we can also define chiral symmetry provided the Lagrangian contains fields corresponding to both the inequivalent representations. We also study the transformation properties of the corresponding chiral currents under parity and charge-conjugation operations. We work explicitly in 2 + 1 dimensions and later show how some of these ideas generalize to an arbitrary number of odd dimensions.     

Lagrangian flows: The dynamics of globally minimizing orbits

The objective of this note is to present some results, to be proved in a forthcoming paper, about certain special solutions of the Euler-Lagrange equations on closed manifolds. Our main results extend to time dependent periodic Lagrangians with minor modifications.We have chosen the autonomous case because this formally simpler framework allows to reach more easily the core of our concepts and results. Moreover the autonomous case exhibits certain special features involving the energy as a first integral that deserve special attention. They are closely related to the link found by Carneiro [C] between the energy and Mather's action function [Ma].Reprinted by permission of Addison Wesley Longman Ltd.     

GRIN透镜在细径内窥镜中的应用

介绍在细径内窥镜中ＧＲＩＮ透镜的应用原理及其设计方法。     

Determination of tyrosine traces by adsorption voltammetry of its copper (II) complex

The electrochemical behavior of the copper-tyrosine complex has been studied by linear-sweep adsorption voltammetry. In 0.02 mol/L Na₂HPO₄ buffer solution (pH=9.6), the complex can be adsorped on a hanging mercury drop electrode and reduced at a peak potential of about –0.42 V (vs. SCE). The secondary derivative peak height is linear proportional to the concentration of tyrosine in the range 1.0×10^–7–5.0×10^–5 mol/L. The detection limit is 5×10^–8 mol/L.Project supported by the Provincial Science Foundation of Shandong Province     

Structure and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline ferromagnets (II)

The role of magnetoelastic coupling effects in nanocrystalline ferromagnets is investigated by means of high-field magnetization and Doppler-broadening spectrum measurements. For the nanocrystalline Fe_{73 5}Cu₁Nb₃Si_13.5B₉ alloy, the results show that the pinning effects resulting from the quasidislocation dipole intensely influence the movement of domain wall; by coupling with the magnetostriction the defects-induced stress fields determine the magnetic properties at the early stage of crystallization. In view of the effective anisotropy and magnetoelastic coupling energy the optimal annealing conditions of alloys are discussed.     

The Thresholds of Survival for ann-Dimensional Food Chain Model in a Polluted Environment

The effects of toxicants on the populations for ann-dimensional food chain model in a polluted environment are studied. The thresholds between persistence and extinction of the populations are obtained as functions of model parameters and a time-varying chemical concentration.     

Reflection of Surface Plasmon Polaritons by a Corner Reflector of Negative Index Materials

A novel type of corner reflector for the reflection of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) is proposed. The reflector consists of two layers of compensatory media whose permittivity and permeability take opposite signs to that of the corresponding layer of the SP waveguide. By rigorously solving Maxwell's equations, the reflected SPP is proved to exist. The transverse wave vector of the reflected SPP is always antiparallel to that of the incident SPP and no phase retardation is introduced.     

Effect of borohydride as reducing agent on the structures and electrochemical properties of Pt/C catalyst

In this paper, we found that boron deposited on the surface of support when sodium borohydride used as reducing agent during the preparation of Pt/C catalyst. The deposition of boron markedly reduces particle size of Pt, raises electrochemical active surface (EAS) area of catalyst and electrochemical activity for hydrogen evolution or oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) compared with which prepared using other reducing agents (hydrogen and formaldehyde).     

The optical properties of planar waveguides in LiB3O5 crystals formed by Cu implantation

A planar optical waveguide has been formed in a LiB₃O₅ crystal using 6.0 MeV Cu⁺-ions with a dose of 1 × 10¹⁵ ions/cm² at room temperature. Possible propagating modes were measured at a wavelength of 633 nm using the prism-coupling method. The refractive index profiles of the waveguide were reconstructed by an effective refractive index method and the beam propagation method was used to investigate the properties of the propagation modes in the formed waveguide. The results suggest that the fundamental TE₀ and TM₀ modes may be well-confined and propagate a longer distance inside the waveguide. The implantation process was also simulated using the transport of ions in matter code (TRIM), which indicates that the nuclear energy deposition may be the main factor for the refractive index change.     

FTIR spectroscopic study on the interaction between a fluoroionophore and metal ions.

A fluoroionophore sensor, N-[4-(1-pyrene)butyroyl]-L-tryptophan (PLT), has been reported. It can distinguish lead ion from other 12 metal ions via forming a pyrene dimer and it exhibits a very high sensitivity (0.15 microM) in aqueous solution (Chem. Commun., 2006, 2702). When the indole moiety in PLT was changed to benzene, in forming a new fluoroionophore of N-[4-(1-pyrene)butyroyl]-L-phenylalanine (PLP), it could not form a pyrene dimer in response to Pb(2+) in water. The present study describes the spectroscopic clarification of the intrinsic differences of the binding model between PLP and PLT in binding with Pb(2+). The model shows identical chelating bidentate coordination between COO(-) and Pb(2+) both in PLP-Pb and PLT-Pb; however, there is no indication of the interaction between the phenyl ring and the metal ion or the hydrogen bonding between amide groups in PLP-Pb. These differences in the binding model between PLP-Pb and PLT-Pb illustrate that the indole ring in PLT appears to play a crucial role in the high selectivity and sensitivity of PLT to lead(II) ion.