MXene-composited highly stretchable,sensitive and durable hydrogel for flexible strain sensors

The flourishing development in flexible electronics has provoked intensive research in flexible strain sensors to realize accurate perception acquisition under different external stimuli.However,building hydrogel-based strain sensors with high stretchability and sensitivity remains a great challenge.Herein,MXene nanosheets were composited into polyacrylamide-sodium alginate matrix to construct mechanical robust and sensitive double networked hydrogel strain sensor.The hydrophilic MXene nanosheets formed strong interactions with the polymer matrix and endowed the hydrogel with excellent tensile properties(3150%),compliant mechanical strength(2.03 kPa~(-1) in Young's Module) and long-lasting stability and fatigue resistance(1000 dynamic cycles under 1,600% strain).Due to the highly oriented MXene-based three dimensional conductive networks,the hydrogel sensor achieved extremely high tensile sensitivity(18.15 in gauge factor) and compression sensitivity(0.38 kPa~(-1) below 3 kPa).MXene hydrogel-based strain sensors also displayed negligible hysteresis in electromechanical performance,typical frequent-independent feature and rapid response time to external stimuli.Moreover,the sensor exhibited accurate response to different scales of human movements,providing potential application in speech recognition,expression recognition and handwriting verification.     

铝灰及其浸出液中氟的测定

铝灰中的氟化物是铝灰中的环境危害因子.使用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)法、X射线衍射(XRD)法对15份铝灰样品进行了元素及物相组成检测,使用SPSS 25.0对数据进行因子分析和聚类分析,将15份样品分成四类,从每类中选择1～2个样品,共选取5份样品作为代表进行后续实验.使用离子色谱法和氟离子选择电极法对铝灰浸出液中氟离...     

助剂对铂-钨催化剂体系催化氢解甘油制1,3-丙二醇性能的影响

甘油作为生物柴油产业的副产物大量过剩,通过甘油氢解制备具有高附加值的丙二醇既符合原子经济的原则,又具有重要的学术意义和应用价值.尤其是选择氢解制得1,3-丙二醇,因其产物在新型聚酯材料合成中不可替代的作用而备受关注,被认为是最具工业应用潜力的甘油转化工艺之一.目前,可高选择性制得1,3-丙二醇的催化剂体系主要是为铱-铼催化剂和铂-钨催化剂两类.前期工作表明,氧化钨担载的铂单原子/准单原子催化剂(Pt/WOx)具有优异的低压活性(1 MPa氢气)和1,3-丙二醇时空收率.然而在该温和条件下,催化产物仍然以过度氢解的产物正丙醇为主.一般来讲,引入助剂可以通过改变活性组分的电子结构、覆盖不利反应位点、调变载体表面化学性质等来改变催化剂的催化活性、选择性和稳定性.我们以单原子/准单原子催化剂Pt/WOx和担载型催化剂Pt/WOx/Al2O3为催化剂母体,引入过渡金属和贵金属助剂,考察助剂对氢解反应活性和选择性的影响,并对比有无氧化铝载体时助剂对反应活性的影响.对于Pt/WOx体系,La和Fe的引入有助于甘油转化率和1,3-丙二醇选择性的提高,同时也明显地提高了催化剂的稳定性.其中0.1％ La是最佳引入量.然而,对于担载型催化剂Pt/WOx/Al2O3,La的引入在提高1,3-丙二醇选择性的同时,甘油的转化率也有一定程度下降.但由于Pt/WOx/Al2O3催化剂的本征活性较高,通过加入助剂提高1,3-丙二醇的选择性在实际应用中更为重要.表征分析表明,无论对于Pt/WOx还是Pt/WOx/Al2O3催化剂,大部分的La都在Pt颗粒上;同时La的引入提高了催化剂的酸量.在贵金属助剂中,Ru,Ir改性的Pt/WOx和Pt/WOx/Al2O3催化剂上,1,3-丙二醇的收率均有所降低,Ru助剂的降低幅度较小.相反,助剂Rh对Pt/WOx和Pt/WOx/Al2O3催化剂上反应性能的影响截然不同:Rh/Pt/WOx催化剂上1,3-丙二醇的收率从13.1％降到8.7％,Rh/Pt/WOx/Al2O3的1,3-丙二醇收率从31.5％略升到32.4％.另外,由于前期研究表明助剂铝的担载顺序对催化活性有重要影响,因此我们对铂、钨、铝的担载顺序进行了考察.研究表明,在活性组分铂上担载铝或钨物种对催化活性有一定程度的抑制;催化剂体系中钨的含量直接影响甘油的转化率和产物的选择性;含量过少时,甘油转化率极低并以1,2-丙二醇为主要产物.虽然大部分助剂对铂-钨催化剂体系没有明显的促进作用,但是助剂的添加通常可以抑制活性组分的烧结、提高催化剂的稳定性;因此,我们筛选出的La,Fe,Re,Ru,Rh等助剂仍具有深入研究的价值和工业应用的潜力.     

氮掺杂对氢终端金刚石射频器件特性的影响

采用微波等离子体化学气相沉积(MPCVD)技术,通过改变气源中的氮含量,得到不同结晶质量的单晶金刚石,通过激光切割以及抛光控制样品尺寸为5 mm×5 mm×0.5 mm,然后对样品进行表面氢化处理并研制了金刚石射频器件,系统研究了氮含量对金刚石材料晶体质量和金刚石射频器件性能的影响。随着氮含量的增加,虽然单晶金刚石生长速率有所增加,但是其拉曼半峰全宽(FWHM)、XRD摇摆曲线半峰全宽也逐渐增加,光致发光光谱中对应的NV缺陷逐渐增多,晶体结晶质量逐渐变差,不仅导致沟道载流子的迁移率出现退化,而且也使金刚石射频器件出现了严重的电流崩塌和性能退化问题。通过降低氮浓度,提升材料的结晶质量,沟道载流子迁移率得到显著提升,金刚石射频器件的电流崩塌得到有效抑制,电流增益截止频率f_T和功率增益截止频率f_max分别从17 GHz和22 GHz大幅度提升至32 GHz和53 GHz。     

Novel Optimization Design Methods of Highly Loaded Compressor Cascades Considering Endwall Effect

The endwall effect has a great impact on the aerodynamic performance of compressor blades. Based on three conventional near-endwall blade modeling methods of bowed blade, endbend blade and leading-edge strake blade (LESB), two combined optimization design methods of highly loaded blades have been developed considering the endwall effect in the current study, i.e., the bowed blade combined with the LESB (bowed LESB blade) and the endbend blade combined with the LESB (endbend LESB blade). Optimization designs were conducted for a compressor cascade with low solidity by using the two combined modeling methods and the three conventional modeling methods, and the optimization results were compared and analyzed in detail. The results showed that the five optimization modelling methods could all improve the performance for the original cascade, and the optimized cascade with the bowed LESB modeling method has the best aerodynamic performance. The total pressure loss of the optimal bowed LESB cascade was only 40.3% of that in the original cascade while reducing the solidity of the original cascade from 1.53 to 1.25 and keeping the static pressure rise and diffusion factor at the same level as the original one. Among the optimal cascades, the radial migration height of the low-energy fluid and the corresponding vortex have great effects on the aerodynamic performance, and the optimal bowed LESB cascade is superior to the other optimal cascades in this aspect.     

Reversal of Multidrug Resistance by Apolipoprotein A1-Modified Doxorubicin Liposome for Breast Cancer Treatment

Multidrug resistance (MDR) remains a major problem in cancer therapy and is characterized by the overexpression of p-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux pump, upregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins or downregulation of pro-apoptotic proteins. In this study, an Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1)-modified cationic liposome containing a synthetic cationic lipid and cholesterol was developed for the delivery of a small-molecule chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin (Dox) to treat MDR tumor. The liposome-modified by ApoA1 was found to promote drug uptake and elicit better therapeutic effects than free Dox and liposome in MCF-7/ADR cells. Further, loading Dox into the present ApoA1-liposome systems enabled a burst release at the tumor location, resulting in enhanced anti-tumor effects and reduced off-target effects. More importantly, ApoA1-lip/Dox caused fewer adverse effects on cardiac function and other organs in 4T1 subcutaneous xenograft models. These features indicate that the designed liposomes represent a promising strategy for the reversal of MDR in cancer treatment.     

A reaction-and-assembly approach using monoamine zinc porphyrin for highly stable large-area perovskite solar cells

Inhibiting the irreversible escape of organic cations and iodide species in perovskite films is crucial for the fabrication of efficient and stable perovskite solar cells(PSCs). Here, we develop a reaction-and-assembly approach using monoamine zinc porphyrin(ZnP) to modify methylammonium(MA~+) lead iodide perovskite film. The amine group in ZnP reacts with MA~+ and I~- ions to yield monoammonium zinc porphyrin(ZnP-H+I-). The resultant films show no escape of iodide when immersed in ether solutions. Measurements from space-charge limited currents and transient photoluminescence indicate the modified films have reduced density of defects. These results suggest the formed ZnP-H~+I~- is bound on the surface and grain boundary of perovskite film to retard migrations of ions. DFT calculations also show that the energy alignment between ZnP-H~+ and perovskite facilitates the electron transfer and reduces charge recombination at the perovskite grains. Furthermore, post-treating the Zn Pdoped film with ZnP again results in the formation of a one dimension zig-zag coordination polymer on the surface of the perovskite film. The single crystal structure of ZnP shows the polymer layer is formed through the coordination interaction between the Zn(II) metal center and a neighboring monoamine. The polymer facilitates the interfacial charge transfer, and reduces the escape of organic cations and iodide species in perovskite films, thereby keeping the excellent cell performance(20.0%) and further realizing the ion encapsulation. Finally, the modified PSCs retain over 90% of its original efficiency over2,000 h at 85 °C or AM 1.5 G continuous illumination, or over 6,000 h in 45% humidity without encapsulation. This work affords a new strategy to achieve the efficient ions immobilization and encapsulation by in situ reaction and coordination assembly of mono-amine zinc porphyrin.     

2,5-二取代-1,3,4-噻二唑衍生物的合成与表征

苯并噁唑啉酮和1,3,4-噻二唑衍生物具有多种生物活性,制备含有苯并噁唑啉酮结构的1,3,4-噻二唑衍生物非常有意义。本文以邻氨基苯酚和尿素为初始原料,经多步合成反应,制备了10个新的2-(芳甲酰氨基)-5-(2-苯并噁唑啉酮-3-甲基)-1,3,4-噻二唑化合物(7a～7j),并利用IR、1H NMR和元素分析对其结构进行了表征。