A delay differential equation model of HIV infection of CD4+ T-cells with cure rate

A delay differential equation as a mathematical model that described HIV infection of CD4⁺ T-cells is analyzed. When the constant death rate of infected but not yet virus-producing cells is equal to zero, the stability of the non-negative equilibria and the existence of Hopf bifurcation are investigated. A stability switch in the system due to variation of delay parameter has been observed, so is the phenomena of Hopf bifurcation and stable limit cycle. The estimation of the length of delay to preserve stability has been calculated. Further, when the constant death rate of infected but not yet virus-producing cells is not equal to zero, by using the geometric stability switch criterion in the delay differential system with delay dependent parameters, we present that stable equilibria become unstable as the time delay increases. Numerical simulations are carried out to explain the mathematical conclusions.     

Stability and Hopf bifurcation analysis of an eco-epidemic model with a stage structure

In this paper, an eco-epidemiological model with a stage structure is considered. The asymptotical stability of the five equilibria, the existence of stability switches about positive equilibrium, is investigated. It is found that Hopf bifurcation occurs when the delay τ passes though a critical value. Some explicit formulae determining the stability and the direction of the Hopf bifurcation periodic solutions bifurcating from Hopf bifurcations are obtained by using the normal form theory and center manifold theory. Some numerical simulations for justifying the theoretical analysis are also provided. Finally, biological explanations and main conclusions are given.     

On solutions of the generalized Stein quaternion matrix equation

In this paper, some solution expressions to the quaternion matrix equation X?AXF=BY are obtained. They are the further conclusions of the paper (Song et al. in Int. J. Comput. Math. 89:890–900, 2012). By applying of Kronecker map and complex representation of a quaternion matrix, the sufficient conditions for finding the solution have been established. At the end of the article, numerical examples show the applications of the proposed explicit solution.     

A new azaphilone from the entomopathogenic fungus Hypocrella sp.

This report describes the isolation of a new azaphilone, designated hypocrellone A (2), together with five known compounds (1, 3–6) from a submerged culture of the entomopathogenic fungus Hypocrella sp. (isolate WYTY-21). The absolute stereostructures of the two compounds (1 and 2) were elucidated based on 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data combined with the data from various chemical transformations. Hypocrellone A (2) and three (3–6) of the five known compounds were cytotoxic to hepatoma cells (cell line BEL-7404); IC₅₀ values ranged from 6.2 to 17.4 μM. At 200 μM, none of the six compounds was toxic to normal human liver cells (cell line HL-7702) or to normal human kidney epithelial cells (cell line HEK-293T).     

Salt-dependent DNA-DNA spacings in intact bacteriophage λ reflect relative importance of DNA self-repulsion and bending energies

Using solution synchrotron x-ray scattering, we measure the variation of DNA-DNA d spacings in bacteriophage λ with mono-, di-, and polyvalent salt concentrations, for wild-type [48.5×10(3) base pairs (bp)] and short-genome-mutant (37.8 kbp) strains. From the decrease in d spacings with increasing salt, we deduce the relative contributions of DNA self-repulsion and bending to the energetics of packaged phage genomes. We quantify the DNA-DNA interaction energies within the intact phage by combining the measured d spacings in the capsid with measurements of osmotic pressure in DNA assemblies under the same salt conditions in bulk solution. In the commonly used Tris-Mg buffer, the DNA-DNA interaction energies inside the phage capsids are shown to be about 1kT/bp, an order of magnitude larger than the bending energies.     

比例边界有限元二阶灵敏度设计及断裂力学分析

比例边界有限元是一种只需在边界上划分网格且无需基本解的半解析方法,能有效处理应力奇异性和无边界问题.论文提出了一种比例边界有限元的二阶灵敏度分析方法,可以准确而高效地求解响应关于参数的二阶梯度.首先通过建立仅需右特征向量的哈密顿矩阵特征灵敏度分析方程,发展了一种改进的比例边界有限元一阶灵敏度分析方法;其次,进一步通过构建二阶哈密顿矩阵特征灵敏度分析方程,并对比例边界有限元系统方程进行一系列二次直接微分,提出了一种半解析形式的比例边界有限元二阶灵敏度分析方法.该方法被应用于线弹性裂纹结构的形状灵敏度分析和不确定性传播分析.最后,给出了两个数值算例验证论文方法的有效性.     

基于视觉的桥梁挠度测量方法与研究进展

挠度是评估桥梁承载能力和健康状态最直观的指标。近20年来,基于计算机视觉的桥梁挠度测量方法凭借其非接触式、快速简易安装等优点,被逐步应用于实际测量中。本文从测量原理、测量方式和影响因素3个方面出发,介绍了当前基于视觉的桥梁挠度测量方法与研究进展。在测量原理方面,从相机标定、三维立体视觉、摄影测量、特征检测与匹配4个方面进行了介绍。在测量方式方面,介绍了单相机二维测量、双相机三维测量、基于摄影测量的准静态测量和位移传递串联相机网络多点动态测量。在影响因素方面,介绍了相机自身因素、标定因素、算法因素和环境因素4个方面对测量结果的影响,并总结了目前国内外的研究成果。最后对基于视觉的桥梁挠度测量技术的未来发展趋势做出了展望。     

阿基米德序半群的链的若干刻画

本文首先引入了一个序半群$S$的准素模糊理想的概念,通过序半群$S$上的一些二元关系以及它的理想的模糊根给出了该序半群是阿基米德序子半群的半格的一些刻画.进一步地借助于序半群$S$的模糊子集对该序半群是阿基米德序子半群的半格进行了刻画.尤其是通过序半群的模糊素根定理证明了序半群$S$是阿基米德序子半群的链当且仅当$S$是阿基米德序子半群的半格且$S$的所有弱完全素模糊理想关于模糊集的包含关系构成链.     

Electron beam emission from a diamond-amplifier cathode

The diamond amplifier (DA) is a new device for generating high-current, high-brightness electron beams. Our transmission-mode tests show that, with single-crystal, high-purity diamonds, the peak current density is greater than 400 mA/mm2, while its average density can be more than 100 mA/mm2. The gain of the primary electrons easily exceeds 200, and is independent of their density within the practical range of DA applications. We observed the electron emission. The maximum emission gain measured was 40, and the bunch charge was 50 pC/0.5 mm2. There was a 35% probability of the emission of an electron from the hydrogenated surface in our tests. We identified a mechanism of slow charging of the diamond due to thermal ionization of surface states that cancels the applied field within it. We also demonstrated that a hydrogenated diamond is extremely robust.     

大直径SHTB实验装置数值模拟及混凝土细观骨料模型动态直拉研究

对混凝土材料在高应变率下的动态拉伸实验多以劈裂和层裂的形式进行,然而它们作为间接研究混凝土动态拉伸性能的实验技术具有一定的局限性,亟需使用大直径分离式Hopkinson拉杆（split Hopkinson tensile bar,SHTB）设备对混凝土进行动态直拉实验。因此,运用数值模拟方法对一种新型的霍普金森拉杆的入射波进行了研究,并对设备的局部构件进行改进,使其不仅具有对混凝土试件的胶粘连接方式,也可通过螺纹连接配套夹具以同时兼顾挂接等其他连接方式。针对改进后的SHTB装置,建立了圆环状三维混凝土细观骨料模型。通过数值模拟与实验结果的对比,验证了采用空心圆管式SHTB装置的有效性,并为混凝土细观骨料模型的动态拉伸模拟提供了思路。