P-thiocresol 吸附在银纳米粒子表面系统的表面增强拉曼散射和表面增强共振拉曼散射的增强研究

文中从实验和计算两方面报道了在514.5 nm激发光下P-Thiocresol吸附在银胶表面系统的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS).文中分析了它的增强机制,发现增强主要来自于电磁场增强.如果考虑距离为2nm的两个银纳米粒子的耦舍效应,两粒子之间的SERS的电磁场增强为7.16 × 107.静态化学增强亦起到部分增强作用,它的增强倍数为6.所以,总的SERS增强,包括静态化学增强和电磁场增强,是Gtotal=Gsc ×GEM=4.4×108.我们也理论地研究了此系统的表面增强共振拉曼散射(SERRS).当激发光与P-Thiocresol-Ag3系统的激发态共振时,电荷转移机制(化学增强)也将起到重要作用,最强的增强可迭106.我们使用电荷密度将激发光下p-Thlocresol和Ag团簇问的电荷转移结果可视化,这是电荷转移的直接理论证据.对于SERRS增强,包括电荷转移和电磁场增强机制,能达到1013.     

水稻种子萌发期高压诱导的SSH-cDNA文库构建与分析

 为了研究高压处理对高等植物基因表达的影响,以萌发过程中经高压处理后的水稻种子的mRNA作为检测子（Tester）,以对照样品的mRNA作为驱动子（Driver）,采用抑制差减杂交（SSH）结合镜像选择技术（MOS）构建了高压处理后水稻种子萌发过程中诱导表达的差减cDNA文库,并通过蓝白斑筛选获得了580个重组克隆。菌液PCR检测的结果表明这些克隆中的插入片段的大小主要分布在200～1000 bp之间,平均大小约为575 bp,其中单一扩增条带的有效重组克隆数为542个,有效的重组克隆率为93.3%。对部分重组克隆进行测序发现,受高压诱导表达的基因主要涉及到代谢、胁迫响应、转录调控等方面。为高压处理后水稻种子基因表达模式变化的研究打下了基础。     

Mechanical Properties of Breast Cancer Cell Membrane Studied with Optical Tweezers

Membrane tethers are extracted from breast cancer cells using a force generated by an optical trap. It is experimentally obtained that the radius of tether is about 0.1μm and the static tether force is about 8.5 pN. Calculations based on the experimental measurements give a bending modulus for the tether of 1.35 x 10^-19 N.m and a surface membrane tension of 6.76 x 10^-6 N/m in the breast cancer cell. The treatment with cytochalasin D results in the decreasing bending modulus and decreasing apparent surface tension. When the membrane protein caveolin is over-expressed, similar cases occur in bending modulus and apparent surface tension. In addition, the viscous resistance coefficient of the membrane is calculated to be 1.15pN.s/μm according to the dynamic tether forces obtained under different pulling velocities.     

Structural and Photoluminescence Properties of β-Ga2O3 Nanofibres Fabricated by Electrospinning Method

We have prepared the 13-Ga2 O3 nanofibres by electrospinning method followed by calcining in air at 900℃. The morphology and structure of the nanofibres are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy （FE-SEM）, x-ray diffraction （XRD） and Raman technique. These nanofibres have diameters ranging from 60 to 130hm and lengths up to several millimetres. Photoluminescence （PL） spectrum under excitation at 325 nm shows that theseβ-Ga2 O3 nanofibres have a blue emission peaking at 466nm, which may be attributed to defects such as the oxygen vacancies, gallium vacancies and gallium-oxygen vacancy pairs.     

Comparative studies of bioactive organosulphur compounds and antioxidant activities in garlic (Allium sativum L.), elephant garlic (Allium ampeloprasum L.) and onion (Allium cepa L.)

We evaluated organosulphur compounds in Allium vegetables, including garlic, elephant garlic and onion, using high-performance liquid chromatography. Among organosulphur compounds, elephant garlic had considerable γ-glutamyl peptides, and garlic had the highest alliin content. Onion had low level of organosulphur compounds than did elephant garlic and garlic. In addition, antioxidant capacities were evaluated by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay. The results showed that garlic had the highest antioxidant capacity, followed by elephant garlic and onion. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between antioxidant activities and organosulphur compounds (R > 0.77). Therefore, our results indicate that there was a close relationship between antioxidant capacity and organosulphur compounds in Allium vegetables.     

利用实验测量的金属d带电荷密度描述催化剂活性

<正>催化剂电子结构与反应活性的关联是催化理论发展的关键科学问题之一,也是精准设计和调控催化材料结构的科学基础1–5。过渡金属表面d带能量(d-band center),可定性描述金属表面与反应物分子的相互作用过程6,7。吸附物种的吸附热或速控步骤的反应热的变化,反映了吸附质与催化剂表面之间结合能的变化7,8,作为标识反应速     

微微秒超短脉冲的光学压缩

在研究了短光纤(L～L_w)中受激喇曼散射的斯托克斯脉冲对基波脉冲能量箝位效应的基础上进行了脉冲压缩实验。以高泵浦功率(P=1600W)注入长度为8.95m绿光单模光纤中,采用双光程的光栅对压缩结构,并引入空间频率窗口滤除自相位调制光谱的非线性啁啾部分,将40ps的锁模Nd:YAG倍频光脉压缩至<5ps。