全文获取类型
收费全文 | 10597篇 |
免费 | 1844篇 |
国内免费 | 1615篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 8253篇 |
晶体学 | 146篇 |
力学 | 649篇 |
综合类 | 97篇 |
数学 | 1380篇 |
物理学 | 3531篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 24篇 |
2023年 | 168篇 |
2022年 | 319篇 |
2021年 | 368篇 |
2020年 | 390篇 |
2019年 | 454篇 |
2018年 | 366篇 |
2017年 | 325篇 |
2016年 | 550篇 |
2015年 | 617篇 |
2014年 | 642篇 |
2013年 | 790篇 |
2012年 | 926篇 |
2011年 | 929篇 |
2010年 | 741篇 |
2009年 | 699篇 |
2008年 | 734篇 |
2007年 | 596篇 |
2006年 | 540篇 |
2005年 | 503篇 |
2004年 | 450篇 |
2003年 | 406篇 |
2002年 | 519篇 |
2001年 | 430篇 |
2000年 | 273篇 |
1999年 | 226篇 |
1998年 | 198篇 |
1997年 | 147篇 |
1996年 | 123篇 |
1995年 | 110篇 |
1994年 | 87篇 |
1993年 | 68篇 |
1992年 | 63篇 |
1991年 | 60篇 |
1990年 | 38篇 |
1989年 | 31篇 |
1988年 | 23篇 |
1987年 | 18篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 17篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 14篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1936年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
121.
122.
The electric conduction in the fibrous medium constructed by a homogeneous array of parallel, identical, charged, circular cylinders having an arbitrary zeta potential filled with the solution of a symmetrically charged electrolyte is analytically examined. The thickness of the electric double layers surrounding the dielectric cylinders is assumed to be small relative to the radius of each cylinder and to the gap width between two neighboring cylinders, but the polarization of the mobile ions in the diffuse layers is allowed. The effect of interactions among individual cylinders is taken into explicit account by employing a unit cell model. The appropriate equations of conservation of electrochemical potential energies of ionic species are solved for each cell, in which a cylinder is envisaged to be surrounded by a coaxial cylindrical shell of the fluid solution. Analytical expressions for the effective electric conductivity are obtained in closed forms as functions of the porosity of the fiber matrix and other characteristics of the porous system. Comparisons of the results of the cell model with different conditions at the outer boundary of the cell are made. Under an otherwise identical condition, the electric conductivity in a porous medium composed of an array of parallel cylinders in the transverse direction is smaller than that of a suspension of spheres. The effect of interactions among the cylinders or spheres on the effective conductivity can be quite significant under appropriate conditions. 相似文献
123.
124.
Aggregation of sodium 1-(n-alkyl)naphthalene-4-sulfonates in aqueous solution: micellization and microenvironment characteristics 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Tan XL Zhang L Zhao S Li W Ye JP Yu JY An JY 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2004,20(17):7010-7014
In aqueous solution, the micellization and microenvironment characteristics of the micelle assemblies of three anionic surfactants, sodium 1-(n-alkyl)naphthalene-4-sulfonates (SANS), have been investigated by steady-state fluorescence and time-resolved fluorescence decay techniques using pyrene, Ru(bpy)3(2+), and 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene as fluorescence probes. The critical micelle concentrations (cmc's), effective carbon atom numbers (neff's), hydrophilic-lipophilic balances (HLBs), mean micelle aggregation numbers, micropolarities, and microviscosities of these surfactant micelles have been determined. The logarithmic cmc of the alkylnaphthalene sulfonates decreases linearly with an increase in the neff. The logarithmic aggregation number of the alkylnaphthalene sulfonates increases linearly with an increase in the neff. However, in contrast to the alkylsufonates and the alkylbenzene sulfonates, the aggregation for these alkylnaphthalene sulfonate molecules is less sensitive to the increase in the neff. The micropolarity of these alkylnaphthalene sulfonate micelles is less sensitive to the increase in the alkyl chain length and is lower than that of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The microviscosity of these alkylnaphthalene sulfonate micelles increases with an increase in the alkyl chain length and is lower than those of nonionic surfactants and zwitterionic surfactants. These results suggest that naphthyl rings have a notable effect on the micellization of SANS. 相似文献
125.
Ai‐Hua Zhao Yan Zhang Zhao‐Hui Xu Jian‐Wen Liu Wei Jia 《Helvetica chimica acta》2004,87(12):3160-3166
Three new enmein‐type ent‐kaurenoids, i.e., the two pairs 1 and 2 of 20‐epimers and the (20R)‐isomer 3 , besides the seven known diterpenoids 4 – 10 , were isolated from the aerial parts of Isodon serra. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques and X‐ray diffraction. The immunosuppressive effect for T‐lymphocytes proliferation induced by Con A in BALB/c mouse was evaluated for the isolates 1 – 10 . They all displayed a remarkable inhibitory effect, with multi‐glycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii as positive reference substance (Table 3). 相似文献
126.
Weiping Wang Bo Liao Tianming Wang Wen Zhu 《International journal of quantum chemistry》2006,106(9):1998-2005
A 3D graphical representation of DNA sequences, which has no circuit or degeneracy, is derived for mathematical denotation of DNA sequence. Based on this graphical representation, we propose a new sequence distance measure. We make use of the corresponding similarity matrix to construct a phylogenic tree by virtue of the fuzzy theory. The examination of phylogenic tree belong to eight species illustrates the utility of our approach. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006 相似文献
127.
Khattari Z Ruschel Y Wen HZ Fischer A Fischer TM 《The journal of physical chemistry. B》2005,109(8):3402-3407
The surface shear viscosity of a myelin mimetic Langmuir monolayer is investigated upon adsorption of myelin basic protein (MBP). We measure an increase of the surface shear viscosity at picomolar concentrations of the protein, suggesting that the globular conformation of MBP changes upon adsorption at the monolayer. The conformational change enables hydrodynamic interactions of the proteins, with a typical separation of hundreds of nanometers. This unfolding is essential for the compactification of the myelin sheath, serving an enhanced saltatory signal transduction in vertebrates. The viscometry used extends the sensitivity of standard surface viscometers toward lower viscosities. 相似文献
128.
A new tocopherol derivative, 7a‐methoxy‐α‐tocopherol ( 1 ), and a new taraxastane triterpene, taraxast‐1,20(30)‐dien‐3‐one ( 5 ), together with four known compounds, β‐tocopherol ( 2 ), α‐tocopherol ( 3 ), α‐tocospiro B ( 4 ) and taraxasterone ( 6 ) were isolated from the whole plant of Sida acuta. Their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis including MS, 1D and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy. Among those compounds, compounds 1 , 2 , and 3 showed significant antioxidant effect (EC50 = 86.9, 68.2, and 70.9 μM, respectively) in the DPPH radicals scavenging activity assay. 相似文献
129.
Four new eremophilanolides, isolated from Ligularia sagitta, were identified as (1β,3β,6β,8β,10β)‐6‐acetoxy‐3‐(angeloyloxy)‐1,10‐epoxy‐8‐hydroxyeremophil‐7(11)‐en‐8,12α‐olide ( 1 ), (1β,3β,6β,8β,10β)‐3‐(angeloyloxy)‐1,10‐epoxy‐6,8‐dihydroxyeremophil‐7(11)‐en‐8,12α‐olide ( 2 ), (1β,3β,6β,8β,10β)‐3‐(angeloyloxy)‐1,10‐epoxy‐8‐ethoxy‐6‐hydroxyeremophil‐7(11)‐en‐8,12α‐olide ( 3 ), and (1β,3β,8β,10β)‐3‐(angeloyloxy)‐1,10‐epoxy‐8‐hydroxyeremophil‐7(11)‐en‐8,12α‐olide ( 4 ). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 2D‐NMR techniques and chemical transformations. 相似文献
130.
Hong Su Yi‐Hang Wen Yun‐Long Feng 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2006,62(5):m208-m210
The title compound, [Mn(C10H8O5S)(H2O)4]n, a one‐dimensional manganese(II) complex comprising helical chains bridged by 4‐(carboxylatomethylsulfanyl)phenoxyacetate ligands has been characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Hydrogen‐bonding interactions between adjacent chains extend the complex into a three‐dimensional supramolecular architecture. 相似文献